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This is to certify that the research work "student attendance system in classroom using face recognition technique" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
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Authentication is one of the significant issues in the era of information system. Among other things, human facerecognition(HFR)isoneofknowntechniqueswhichcan be used for user authentication. As an important branch of biometric verification, HFR has been widely used in many applications, such as video monitoring/surveillance system, human-computerinteraction,dooraccesscontrolsystemand network security. This paper proposes a method for student attendance system in classroom using face recognition technique. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE

•  INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• AIM OF THE PROJECT
• OBJECTIVE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1     OVERVIEW OF ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT
2.2     OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.3     REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY

• PROPOSEDSYSTEM
• SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
• SYSTEM MODULES ANDTHEIRFUNCTIONS
• PROPOSEDALGORITHM
• FLOWCHART
• SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0      RESULTAND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSIONS
• RECOMMENDATION AND FUTURE SCOPE
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION
Maintainingattendanceisveryimportantinalllearninginstitutesforcheckingtheperformanceof students. In most learning institutions, student attendances are manually taken by the use of attendance sheets issued by the department heads as part of regulation. The students sign in these sheets which are then filled or manually logged in to a computer for future analysis. This method is tedious, time consuming and inaccurate as some students often sign for their absent colleagues. This method also makes it difficult to track the attendance of individual students in a large classroom environment[1]. In this project, we propose the design and use of a face detection and recognition system to automatically detect students attending a lecture in a classroom and mark their attendance by recognizing theirfaces.
While other biometric methods of identification (such as iris scans or fingerprints) can be more accurate, students usually have to queue for long at the time they enter the classroom[2]. Face recognition is chosen owing to its non-intrusive nature and familiarity as people primarily recognizeotherpeoplebasedontheirfacialfeatures[3].This(facial)biometricsystemwillconsist ofanenrollmentprocessinwhichtheuniquefeaturesofapersons’facewillbestoredinadatabase and then the processes of identification and verification. In these, the detected face in an image (obtainedfromthecamera)willbecomparedwiththepreviouslystoredfacescapturedatthetime ofenrollment. Since all parts of the image have to be considered, the brightness-basedapproachtakeslongertimetoprocessthe image and is also more complicated. To make the process short and simple, the image has to be transformed into a certain model.
1.2                      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In traditional face-to-face (F2F) class setting, student attendance record is one of the important issues dealt with any school, college and university from time to time. To keep the student attendance record valid and correct, the facultystaffshouldhaveapropermechanismforverifying and maintaining or managing that attendance record on regular basis. In general, there are two types of student attendance system, i.e. manual attendance system (MAS) and automated attendance system (AAS). By practicing manualrecording,facultystaffmayexperiencedifficultyin both verifying and maintaining each student’s record in classroom environment on regular basis, especially in classesattendedbyalargenumberofstudents.Inpractice, themanualsystemalsorequiresmoretimeforrecordingand calculatingtheaverageattendanceofeachenrolledstudent. On the other hand, the automated attendance system may offer some benefits to to the faculty, at least it may lessen the administrative burden of its staff. Particularly, for attendance system which adopts human face recognition (HFR) technique, such a system commonly involves the process ofextractingkeyfeaturesfromanyfacialimageof studentcapturedatthetimehe/sheisenteringtheclassroom, or when everybody already occupies his/her seat in the classroom. Upon its successful recognition, it proceeds to markingthatrecognizedstudent’sattendanceautomatically. Following that general idea, the discussion of this paper is based on the known face recognition techniques in its endeavortodevelopaspecificcomputerapplicationwhich canbeusedforrecognizinganyenrolledstudent automatically from the digital images captured in classroom.
Ingeneral,therearetwoknownapproachestoHFR,i.e. feature-based and brightness-based approach. Thefeature- based approach uses key point features of the face, suchas edges, eyes, nose, mouth, or other special characteristics. Therefore,thecalculationprocessonlycoverssomepartsof thegivenimagethathavebeenextractedpreviously.Onthe other hand, the brightness-based approach calculates all parts of the given image. It is also known as holistic-based or image-based approach.
1.2                                          AIM OF THE PROJECT
The aim is to automate and make a system that is useful to the organization such as an institute. The efficient and accurate method of attendance in the school environment that can replace the old manual methods. This method is secure enough, reliable and available for use.

1.3                                 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

Theoverallobjectiveistodevelopanautomatedclassattendancemanagementsystemcomprising ofadesktopapplicationworkinginconjunctionwithamobileapplicationtoperformthefollowing tasks:

• To detect faces realtime.
• To recognize the detected faces by the use of a suitablealgorithm.
• To update the class attendance register after a successfulmatch.
• To design an architecture that constitutes the various components workingharmoniously.

1.4                                     PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

Traditional method for taking attendance is Roll Number of student and record the attendance in sheet which takes a lot of time. Because of this, face recognition is used to make it fast and secured.

1.5                                       SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

We are setting up to design a system comprising of two modules. The first module (facedetector) is a mobile component, which is basically a camera application that captures student faces and stores them in a file using computer vision face detection algorithms and face extraction techniques. The second module is a desktop application that does face recognition of thecaptured images (faces) in the file, marks the students register and then stores the results in a database for futureanalysis.

1.6                                          PROBLEMDEFINITION

The traditional manual methods of monitoring student attendance in lectures are tedious as the signed attendance sheets have to be manually logged in to a computer system for analysis. Thisis tedious, time consuming and prone to inaccuracies as some students in the department often sign for their absent colleagues, rendering this method ineffective in tracking the students’ class attendance.Use of the face detection and recognition system inlieuofthe traditionalmethodswill provideafastandeffective method of capturing student attendance accurately while offering a secure,stable and robust storage of the systemrecords,whereuponauthorization;onecanaccess them for purposes like administration, parents or even the studentsthemselves[4].
1.7                        SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This system offers its clients with simple, efficiently manageable software that provides a platform to maintain attendance records. An student’s identity and attendance is instantly proved just by looking at the sensor. The importance of this system is as below:

• Removes the risk of Manual Errors

Facial recognition software gives institution a means of tracing their students’ attendance, by further removing human mistakes. This means to keep track of the precise quantity of hours students are in, this is because in school pattern of taking attendance – student will sign in when he or she resume and also sign out after dismissal.

• Automated plus Accurate

Face recognition precisely reports all the features of attendance, absenteeism, and also over time. The identification procedure is spot-on every single time at a speed that is now practically possible. This scheme can match thousands of operators in less than a second, plus the software offers info that is 100% precise without you lifting a finger.

• Saves Time

There is no requisite for employees to touch the surface of the scheme to clock in plus out. Facial recognition permits students to sign in and out inside seconds, instantly removing the inconvenience of swiping cards otherwise signaling badges around. This saves time and effort, resulting in a satisfactory schooling environment.

• Upsurges Security

First off, this technology overall avoids the subjects of early and late striking, in addition to “friend punching.”

• Easily Installable

Facial recognition systems are very easy to install. You can easily integrate one of the leading benefits of Integrated Biometric facial schemes. These are easy towards programming into your firm’s PC system. Most of the systems would work with the software that you have by now installed.

1.8                                 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

This project serves to automate the prevalent traditional tedious and time wasting methods of markingstudentattendanceinclassrooms.Theuseofautomaticattendancethroughfacedetection and recognition will increase the effectiveness of attendance monitoring andmanagement.
Thismethodcouldalsobeextendedforuseinexaminationhallstocurbcasesofimpersonationas the system will be able to single out the imposters who won’t have been captured during the enrollmentprocess.Applicationsoffacerecognitionarewidelyspreadinginareassuchascriminal identification, security systems, image and film processing[5]. The system could also find applications in all authorized accessfacilities.
1.9                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Apart from using this device for students’ attendance, this device can also be used for places like:

• Organisation
• Religious centres
• Offices, and any other meeting places, for automatically taking attendance of the people present.

1.10                         PROBLEM AND LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

• It can only detect face from a limited distance.
• It cannot repeat live video to recognize missed faces.

1.6                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, aim, significance, objective, purpose, applications, problem identification, limitation and problem of this work was discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved in this study were discussed.
Chapter four is on test and result analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

CHAPTER FIVE
5.1      CONCLUSION
This systemaims tobuild aneffective class attendancesystemusingfacerecognitiontechniques.Theproposedsystem will be able to mark the attendance via face Id. It willdetect faces via webcam and then recognize the faces. Afterrecognition,it will marktheattendanceoftherecognizedstudentandupdate theattendance record.
InthisFaceRecognitionbasedattendancesystem,anewdeeplearningbasedfacerecognitionattendancesystemisproposed. Theentireprocedureofdevelopingafacerecognitioncomponentbycombiningstateof-the-artmethodsandadvancesindeeplearningisdescribed.Itisdeterminedthatwiththesmallernumberoffaceimagesalongwiththe proposedmethodofaugmentationhighaccuracycanbeachieved.
These results are enabling further research for the purpose of obtaining even higher accuracy on smaller datasets,whichis crucial formaking this solutionproduction-ready.Thefuture workcould involve exploring newaugmentationprocessesandexploitingnewlygatheredimagesinruntimeforautomaticretrainingoftheembeddeddata. Developingaspecializedclassifyingsolutionforthistaskcouldpotentiallyleadtoachievinghigheraccuracyon a smaller dataset. This deep learning based solution does not depend on GPU in runtime. Thus, it could beapplicable in many other systems as a main or a side component that could run on a cheaper and low-capacityhardware,evenasageneral-purposeInternetofthings(IoT)device.

5.2         RECOMMENDATION AND FUTURE STUDY

Inthisproject, itisobservedthatonlyfacesaredetectedonlywhenthepersonfaceisclearlyvisibleandwhentheface of a person cannot be detected when the person is standing in any other direction so for this further study isrequiredfordetectingthefaces ofthepersonclearlyinalldirections byusingfurtherdeeplearningalgorithms.

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "student attendance system in classroom using face recognition technique" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "student attendance system in classroom using face recognition technique" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "student attendance system in classroom using face recognition technique" was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "student attendance system in classroom using face recognition technique" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "student attendance system in classroom using face recognition technique" detector consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "student attendance system in classroom using face recognition technique" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "student attendance system in classroom using face recognition technique" detector consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "student attendance system in classroom using face recognition technique" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "student attendance system in classroom using face recognition technique" detector consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

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