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SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR WORKING PRINCIPLE AND APPLICATIONS

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TITLE PAGE

SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR WORKING PRINCIPLE AND APPLICATIONS

BY

---
EE/H2007/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018



APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work,synchronous generator working principle and applications by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on Electrical and Electronics Engineering has been approved.

By
Engr. ---                                                     Engr. ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

……………………………….
 Engr. ---
External Invigilator



DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.


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ABSTRACT

The electrical machine can be defined as a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy or mechanical energy into electrical energy. An electrical generator typically consists of two parts; stator and rotor. There are various types of electrical generators such as direct current generators, alternating current generators, vehicular generators, human powered electrical generators, and so on. However, in this work, a synchronous generator, working principle and its applications is discussed.

  

TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

    1. AIM OF THE PROJECT
    2. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
    3. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
    4. ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
    5. DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

    1. OVERVIEW OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS
    2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
    3. REVIEW OF PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
    4. CLASSIFICATIONS OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY

    1. SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR OPERATION
    2. DAMPENING WINDING FUNCTION IN SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
    3. FREQUENCY OF A SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
    4. ROTATING ARMATURE AC SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR WORKING
    5. ROTATING-FIELD AC SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR WORKING
    6. APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

CHAPTER FOUR
TESTING

    1. OPEN CIRCUIT TEST
    2. SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
    3. CALCULATION OF ZS
    4. CALCULATING THE SPEED OF A SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

      CHAPTER FIVE
    5. 1. CONCLUSION
      5.2 REFERENCES

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION
The electrical machine can be defined as a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy or mechanical energy into electrical energy. An electrical generator can be defined as an electrical machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. An electrical generator typically consists of two parts; stator and rotor. There are various types of electrical generators such as direct current generators, alternating current generators, vehicular generators, human powered electrical generators, and so on. In this article, let us discuss about synchronous generator working principle.
The rotating and stationary parts of an electrical machine can be called as rotor and stator respectively. The rotor or stator of electrical machines acts as a power-producing component and is called as an armature. The electromagnets or permanent magnets mounted on the stator or rotor are used to provide magnetic field of an electrical machine. The generator in which permanent magnet is used instead of coil to provide excitation field is termed as permanent magnet synchronous generator or also simply called as synchronous generator.
In general, synchronous generator consists of two parts rotor and stator. The rotor part consists of field poles and stator part consists of armature conductors. The rotation of field poles in the presence of armature conductors induces an alternating voltage which results in electrical power generation.

1.1                                                   AIM OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this work is to write on the working principle of synchronous generator and its application.

1.2                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
At the end of this work students involved shall be able to understand how synchronous generator operates, its advantages, problem and application of the device.

1.4                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
In industries, Synchronous generators are employed mostly because of less cost, rugged construction, good starting torques and very less maintenance. Synchronous generators are rarely used in industries for drive applications. They are generally used as power factor correction device. In industries they are employed to improve the power factor of the system.

1.5                          ADVANTAGES OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

Being power factor improvement appliance synchronous machines posses lots of positive points. Some very important advantages are: -

  1. There motors can be made to operate at a leading power factor and thereby improve the power factor of an industrial plant from lagging to one that is close to unity.
  2. It gives constant speed from no load to full load.
  3. Electro-magnetic power varies linearly with voltage.
  4. These motors can be constructed with wider air gaps than induction motors, which make then better mechanically.
  5. These motors operates at higher efficiency, especially in the low speed unity power factor range.

1.6                       DISADVANTAGES OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

Everything has its own advantages and disadvantages and Synchronous machine is not an exception. Synchronous machines have some disadvantages. Some of noticeable disadvantages or demerits of synchronous machines are as : -

  1. It cannot be used for variable speed job as there is no possibility of speed adjustment.
  2. It requires d. c. excitation which must be supplied from external source.
  3. It cannot be started under loaded condition. Its starting torque is zero.
  4. It has a tendency to hunt.
  5. It is not possible for places where frequent starting is required.
  6. It may fall out of synchronism and stop when over loaded.

CHAPTER TWO: The complete chapter two of synchronous generator working principle and applicationsis available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of synchronous generator working principle and applications consist of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on synchronous generator working principle and applications was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three ofsynchronous generator working principle and applications is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three ofsynchronous generator working principle and applications consist of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of a synchronous generator working principle and applicationsis available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of synchronous generator working principle and applications consist of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a synchronous generator working principle and applications is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of synchronous generator working principle and applicationsconsist of conclusion, recommendation and references of synchronous generator working principle and applications.



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