THE ACCEPTANCE AND USAGE OF CONTRACEPTIVE AMONGST WOMEN OF CHILD BEARING AGE ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC IN CENTRAL HOSPITAL SAPELE
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DEDICATION
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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Failure to plan a pregnancy can adversely affect the health of the family as a whole. Consequently good acceptance and practice of family planning among women are important. This study aimed to determine the acceptance and usage of contraception among women of child bearing age at Central Hospital, Sapele, Delta State.
A standardized self-administered questionnaire was administered to three hundred antenatal clinic attendees at the Central Hospital, Sapele over an eight weeks period. Information on socio- demographic variable, acceptance, usage of various contraceptive options, source of information; utilization and reasons for use/none use were obtained. Data collected was analyzed using EPI info 2000 software. The results were presented as percentages, means, tables and charts.
A total of 300 questionnaires were administered and 253 were retrieved. Majority of the respondents 234(92.5%) were aware of contraceptive usage. 38.7% of respondents had knowledge of the use of Lactation amenorrhoea method as a form of contraception. Amongst 26.5% of attendees who had used a contraceptive option previously the condom was the commonest contraceptive used.
The antenatal Clinic was the source of contraceptive knowledge in 79% of the respondents. The commonest reason for use of contraceptive method was for child spacing while the fear of complication was the commonest cause of none use.
The contraceptive awareness amongst women of child bearing age attending antenatal clinic was high without corresponding increase in usage of available methods. Re-education on the complications of contraceptives may improve the contraceptive uptake.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
- RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
- DEFINITION OF TERMS
- STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2 CONCEPTUAL REVIEW
2.3 THEORETICAL REVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.4 CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND CHOICES
2.5 PURPOSES OF FAMILY PLANNING
2.6 EMPIRICAL REVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.7 ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF FAMILY PLANNING
2.8 REVIEW OF MODERN METHODS OF FAMILY PLANNING
2.9 PROVIDERS OF FAMILY PLANNING
2.10 BENEFITS OF USING FAMILY PLANNING
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD
3.1 STUDY AREA
3.2 POPULATION OF THE STUDY
3.3 DATA COLLECTION
3.4 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
3.5 DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 RESULT
4.2 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND REFERENCES
- CONCLUSIONS
5.2 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
.
The health of mothers and children remain a subject of global concern (Adamson, 2017). Studies have shown that perinatal, neonatal and under five as well as maternal mortality rates remain high in most developing countries (Olatunji et al., 2016). Strategies have been employed by various governments in improving these indices amongst which is the use of family planning (Adetoro, 2016). Despite employing this strategy, the contraceptive prevalence is relatively low in most developing countries with values ranging from 6-14.6% (Shah, 2011).
Three major obstacles have been identified against the utilization of modern contraception which is particularly grounded in the fear of side effects, poor quality of services and opposition from family members or influential members of the community (Shah, 2011).
The likelihood of infants dying before their first birth day has been demonstrated to be far greater if the infant was born less than one year after the end of their mothers' last pregnancy than those born after a longer interval (Shamima et al., 2010). Improved outcome of infants are noted to be better, if the mothers waited for 18 to 23 months, after a full term birth before conceiving again (Ibrahim, 2017). This emphasizes the need for contraceptive use immediately after the postpartum period as this period marks the beginning of return of fertility in most women.
The Antenatal clinic was chosen as the study site because it offers the best environment within the hospital for meeting child bearing women in the reproductive age group in addition to providing a forum for dissemination of family planning information, correction of wrong perceptions as well as the opportunities for exchange of ideas between mothers.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Globally, utilization of modern contraceptive like condom and IUD have increased in the recent past years – from 54% in 1990 to 57% in 2012 (WHO, 2012). However, the estimates in Africa remain persistently low at 23% and 24%, respectively. Of the 210 million pregnancies that occur each year, almost 80 million are unplanned. Each year, approximately 42 million pregnant women seek termination of their unplanned pregnancy whereby 20 million undergo unsafe abortions 67,000 die annually. Almost all of these deaths (99%) occur in under developed countries e.g DR Congo (Kangale, et. al., 2014).
A study carried out in Nigeria (Okech, et al, 2011) found out that only 51% of the respondents were using family planning services. Besides, Nigeria has one of the highest total fertility rates (6.7) worldwide (Hladik, et al., 2009). The same study revealed that, the most commonly used contraceptives methods were condoms (35%), pills (33%), injection (19%), and IUD (4%). Nigerias’ contraceptive prevalence rate is lower than that of Kenya (46%), Tanzania (34%) and Rwanda (52%) (ICF International, 2012). It is for this reason that the researcher is prompted to assess the factors contributing to low utilization of oral contraceptives among women of reproductive age, as the recommendations of the findings can be documented to increase utilization of family planning services among women especially of reproductive age.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main aim of the study is to establish factors influencing utilization of contraceptives among women of child bearing age in Central Hospital, Sapele, so that the findings will be documented to improve provision of family planning services by the health centre. The objectives are:
- To identify socio-economic factors contributing to low utilization of contraceptives among women of child bearing age in Central Hospital, Sapele.
- To assess socio-cultural factors contributing to low utilisation of contraceptives among women of child bearing age in Central Hospital, Sapele.
- To identify health facility related factors contributing to low utilisation of contraceptives among women of child bearing age in Central Hospital, Sapele.
- What are the socio-economic factors contributing to low utilization of oral contraceptives among women of child bearing age in Sapele?
- What are the socio cultural factors contributing to low utilization of oral contraception among women of child bearing age in Sapele?
- What health facility related factors contribute to low utilization of oral contraceptives among women of child bearing age in Central Hospital, Sapele?
The findings contribute to formulation of guidelines and policies to improve on utilization of contraception services among women of reproductive age in the district and the country at large.
The findings of the study will be documented into a report and submitted to Institution research review committee as well as guide future researchers.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study is limited to the child bearing age in Central Hospital, Sapele. It does not intend to judge the efficiency of acceptance and usage of contraceptive - family planning, but to find out what influences the acceptance and usage of women towards contraceptive. It does not cover treatment of side effects or failures of the methods.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Family Planning: This implies the ability of individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their birth.
Contraception: Method and practice of preventing conception is the fertilization of an ovum.
Menstruation: The monthly elimination of the blood filled lining of the uterus (womb), which takes about four to five days, depending on individual physiology.
Ovulation: The release of ripe egg cells from the ovary about once a month.
Vasectomy: Cutting of the vascle ferens through which the sperms reach the penis, so that they are not ejaculated.
Tubalization: Cutting of the female fallopian tube so that egg cells cannot enter the uterus.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
The high contraceptive awareness, willingness of use and educational level did not reflect on the contraceptive acceptance usage level in this study. This may be due largely to misconceptions that are yet unresolved in the minds of the people and education on the various methods of contraception may be what is missing to unravel the myths and to state the realities or facts behind the various contraceptive methods. Hence there is need for an aggressive target oriented information dissemination using all the available means especially the mass media, opinion leaders in the community, religious leader, husbands, mothers, relatives, doctors, nurses and all those involved in contraceptive promotion practices. This should be aimed at disabusing the minds of the women and in so doing improve on the practice level. Ultimately, this will bring about the gains of contraception and reduce the complication arising from multiple child births both in the mother and baby.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "the acceptance and usage of contraceptive amongst women of child bearing age attending antenatal clinic in central hospital sapele" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "the acceptance and usage of contraceptive amongst women of child bearing age attending antenatal clinic in central hospital sapele" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "the acceptance and usage of contraceptive amongst women of child bearing age attending antenatal clinic in central hospital sapele" was reviewed.
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