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TITLE PAGE
THE EFFECT OF SULPHATE SALT CONTAMINATION ON LATERITIC SOIL
BY
---
---/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "the effect of sulphate salt contamination on lateritic soil" by ---, Reg. No. ---/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.3 JUSTIFICATION
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
- PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 ORIGIN OF LATERITES
2.1.1 DEFINITION OF LATERITE
2.1.2 FORMATION OF LATERITIC SOILS
2.1.3 PROFILES OF LATERITIC SOILS
2.1.4 IMPROVEMENT OF LATERITIC SOILS.
2.2 ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF LATERITIC SOIL
2.2.1 PARTICLE- SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF LATERITIC SOIL
2.2.2 PLASTICITY CHARACTERISTICS OF LATERITIC SOIL
2.2.3 COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF LATERITIC SOIL
2.2.4 SHEAR STRENGTH CHARACTERISTIC OF LATERITIC SOILS
2.3 GENERAL USE OF LATERITES
2.4 SODIUM (II) TETRAOXOSULPHATE (VI) SALT
2.4.1 PREPARATION AND OCCURRENCE OF NASO4
2.4.2 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM (II) TETRAOXOSULPHATE (VI) 2.4.3 USES OF SODIUM (II) TETRAOXOSULPHATE (VI) SALT
2.4.4 TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SODIUM (II) TETRAOXOSULPHATE
2.5 SOIL STABILIZATION
2.5.1 OBJECTIVES OF SOIL STABILIZATION
2.5.2 METHODS OF STABILIZATION
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 PROCUREMENT OF MATERIAL
3.2 COLLECTION OF SAMPLES
3.3 EXPERIENTAL INVESTIGATIONS
3.3.1 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
3.3.2 ATTERBERG’S LIMIT TEST
3.3.3 COMPACTION TEST
3.3.4 CALIFONIA BEARING RATIO TEST
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
4.2 ATTERBERG LIMIT TEST
4.3 COMPACTIONTEST
4.4 CALIFONIA BEARING RATIO TEST
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Soil is the cheapest and the most widely used material in civil engineering project as foundation material either in its natural or improved form. It is highly heterogeneous and an isotopic in nature and existing with different engineering properties which can be influenced to some extend by the presence of sodium salts under the influences of water (Olawale, 2013).
The properties of soil as an engineering material depend on its surface electric charges, chemical composition, shape and size. The chemical composition influences to exhibit enormous change in the engineering properties especially in soil with high content of clay materials (Olawale, 2013).
Lateritic soil is one of the commonest materials that are widely used in the construction of civil engineering infrastructures, such earth dams, covers and pavement is constructed in layers in Nigeria, and surfacing. The first three layers are mostly constructed using laterite soil depending on the expected traffic volume and intensity suitability on the soil in terms of specification (Agbode and Osunolalo and FMN, 1997).
Transportation geo-environmental is a new emerging area that is interdisciplinary in nature. It cut across transportation, geotechnical and environment engineering, and aim at analyzing, predicting and solving problem of soil that are affected by environmental factors (Olawale, 2013).
The study of the effects of soluble salts in soil found out that chloride, sulphate and nirate of sodium increases the permeability of the soil, since there is clear indication that permeability; one of the engineering properties of soil is affected by the presented of the salts, it is pertinent to investigate their effect on the wider properties of the soil (Olawole, 2013).
The investigation made on the effect of sodium sulphate water on the mixed with clay soil, the result indicate there was increase in optimum moisture content and decrease in maximum dry density (Sherwood, 1992)
The effect of sulphate salt on engineering properties of lateritic soil was examined and the finding shows the maximum dry density and specific gravity decrease with tine while optimum moisture content increase with time (Sherwood, 1992)
The research is aimed at evaluating the effect of salt contamination on the engineering properties of soil using hydrated sodium (ii) tetraoxosulphate (iv) salt (NaSO4).
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The effect of sodium sulphate contamination on engineering properties of lateritic soil causes failure to highway pavement in existing roads and make highway foundation materials to be unsuiltable for highway construction.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
- Access the actual performance of lateritic soil when contaminated with sodium (ii) tetraoxosulphate (iv) salt (NaSO4)
- To identify and appraise NaSO4 as a contaminant on lateritic soil.
- To show the effect of the NaSO4 on various engineering properties of lateritic soil.
- To evaluate the strength of lateritic soil when contaminated sodium (ii) tetraoxosulphate (iv) salt (NaSO4) and when free from the contaminant.
1.3 JUSTIFICATION
The effect of sulphate salt contamination on lateritic soil is highly needed in order to determine its effect on the engineering properties of lateritic soil which is the most commonest material used in highway pavement.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The research focused on the effect of sodium(ii)tetraoxosulphate(iv)salt as a contaminant on lateritic soil. The sample will be collected from a burrow pit and divided into four portions.
The first sample will be without NaSO4 while the remaining three portions will be contaminated in varied proportion.
The specimen will be subjected to the following tests:
- Particles size analysis (sieve analysis)
- Atterberg’s limits
- Compaction
- Califonia Bearing Ration(CBR)
- PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
- Procurement of material NaSO4)
- Collection of the soil sample from a burrow pit
- Mixing of the soil sample and NaSO4) as specimen; a portion will not be mixed which will serve as control for other mixed with contaminant.
- Carrying out of laboratory tests which includes
- Particles size analysis
- Atterberg’s limits
- British standard compaction
- Califonia Bearing Ratio(CBR)
- Calculation and analysis of the result.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
For any soil to be utilized for civil engineering work, there is need for its investigation to enable the Engineers to use the soil economically, to predict their engineering properties and performance under field conditions with a fairly good degree of accuracy.
Some experimental investigation, have been done in the department of civil Engineering, Kwara State Polytechnic Ilorin and at the national level which are related to the effect of sodium sulphate contamination on Engineering properties of lateritic soil
The first work was that of T. Matthew, 1999 who carried out a research work on “the effect of oil contamination on laterites” being a final year project in the Department of civil Engineering, University of Benin. He concluded that oil contamination on soil has adverse effect on the Engineering properties of soil.
The second work was that of S. Mumen, 2009 of the Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Ede where he carried out a research work on “the effect of oil on properties of lateritic soil” and concluded that oil and oil spillage should be avoided from lateritic soil because of its effect on soil engineering properties.
The third work was that of a journal presented by A. Akinola and M. Olatunji, 2010 of the university of Ibadan and Ladoke Akintola University of Technology respectively on “the effect of copper suiphate contamination on engineering properties of tropical soil” They concluded that the presence of copper sulphate on highway foundation material make them unsuitable for highway construction or can make them cause pavement failure in existing roads…
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CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "the effect of sulphate salt contamination on lateritic soil" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "the effect of sulphate salt contamination on lateritic soil" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "the effect of sulphate salt contamination on lateritic soil" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "the effect of sulphate salt contamination on lateritic soil" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
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