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TITLE PAGE
THE IMPACT OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN VIEW OF IDENTIFYING THE FACTORS MILITATING AGAINST ITS COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION IN ILORIN SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KWARA STATE.
BY
---
--/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "the impact of educational facilities on academic performance of secondary school students in view of identifying the factors militating against its comprehensive utilization in ilorin south local government area of kwara state." by ---, Reg. No. ---/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.2 CONCEPT OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
2.3 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON SCHOOL FACILITIES AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT
2.4 LIBRARIES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
2.5 SCHOOL BUILDING AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
2.6 LABORATORY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
2.7 SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM
2.8 STUDIES OF URBAN SCHOOL FACILITIES AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT
2.9 STUDENT PERFORMANCE AND MOTIVATION
2.10 SCHOOL FACILITIES AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT
2.11 EFFECTS OF SCHOOL CONDITIONS
2.12 OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN
3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY
3.4 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
3.5 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
3.6 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT
3.7 PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION
3.8 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS OF DATA AND DISCUSSION
4.1 RATE OF RESPONSE
4.2 HYPOTHESIS TESTING AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
5.3 CONCLUSION
5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS
5.5 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Education, in every human community, is an indispensable instrument for human, empowerment, progress and effective national development. This suggests that a nation that lacks a sound educational culture and philosophy stands the risk of decay whereas a nation that sees to the development of its education is bound to achieve great success.
The national policy on education and the latest education reform of the government in area of secondary education has the broad aims of human capital development that aimed at preparing students for useful living within the society and preparing them for higher education. However, a cursory look at the secondary schools in recent times suggests that the schools are not living up to expectation in the provision of functional qualitative education in the three domains of learning; viz: cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains.
It appears that over the years, the emphasis of secondary school education have been on the cognitive domain (academic performance) at the expense of the two other domains (affective and psychomotor). Meanwhile, Bandele (2002) argued that the affective and the psychomotor domains exert great influence on the cognitive domain as well as making the beneficiary of the education system live a fulfilled life and contribute meaningfully to the development of the society.
It has been generally observed that one major obstacle bedevilling the secondary schools is the students’ involvement in the anti-social vices thereby making the schools ineffective in the affective domain. Students’ anti-social vices manifest in form of absence from school, lateness to school, insubordination to school authority among others. Many students, these days, appear to be lazy, dishonest, and always search for shortcuts to success.
Personal experience has also shown that most secondary school leavers lack requisite technical skills to be able to function effectively in the society. It appears that the schools seem not to consider the importance of sports to the development of individuals and to nation-building. Sporting activity (which is a very good index of psychomotor domain) is not just a routine or an annual fund-raising activity for schools but a very good avenue for talent hunt.
The ineffectiveness of schools in these two domains of learning (affective and psychomotor) have been attributed to a number of factors such as parental factor, societal factor and school factors but school factor appears to be prominent. The school factor considered in the study is the school facilities. Availability of school physical facilities and the conduciveness of the school learning environment have been said to be potent factors influencing students’ achievement in the affective and the psychomotor domains.
Personal visits to some schools have shown that the school physical facilities have not been in good shape. In some cases, students sit on the ground to receive lessons. Many of the classrooms, laboratories, libraries, playing grounds are in a terrible state of despair.
Statement of the Problem
An overwhelming number of poor and minority students in Nigeria are being educated under deteriorating educational facilities not conducive to increasing student motivation and/or academic achievement. In the absence of appropriate and decent/safe educational facilities in which most urban students can access the tools to confidently pursue their education, it is becoming almost impossible to expect tremendous gains in areas of student conduct, motivation and achievement.
Research Questions
This project aims at how teaching facilities affects the performance of students in some selected public secondary school. In order to achieve this, the following research questions are very essential.
- Are there enough educational facilities in schools?
- Are there materials or educational facilities relevant for academic performance?
- Do educational facilities have impact on the academic performance of students?
Research Hypotheses
Since the study is focused on impact of educational facilities on academic performance of secondary school students, the hypotheses highlighted will be used in our analysis.
- Educational facilities in secondary school is not enough (H₀), while (H₁) is the reverse.
- There are no materials or educational facilities relevant for academic performance (H₀), while (H₁) is the reverse.
- Educational facilities has no impact on academic performance of secondary school students (H₀), while (H₁) is the reverse.
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of educational facilities on academic performance of secondary school students in Ilorin South Local Government Area of Kwara State. While we do not have the data to identify the specific mechanism by which compliances is linked to educational outcomes, from existing research, we know that school buildings in poor shape lead to reduced learning. Based on the findings, recommendations were made on how to improve the performance of the students.
Significance of the Study
This study is meant to help educators and education planners realize what problems students are subjected to. Since there is the rapid desire for education by an increasing population of Nigeria, it will go a long way to identify the area of need of students in term of adequate educational facilities.
The study is meant to identify these problems and how much effect it has on the performance of the students since these facilities exist to facilitate and stimulate the instructional programme of the school system they should be provided and maintained.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will be limited to a few selected secondary schools under Ilorin South Local Government Area of Kwara State. The study covers the following schools
- Government Day Secondary School, Jebba Road, Ilorin.
- Government Day Secondary School, Tanke, Ilorin
- Government Day Secondary School, Kulende, Ilorin.
- Saint Anthony’s Secondary School, Oloje, Ilorin.
- Lower Niger Basin Staff School, Ilorin.
The study will be limited to the above five Government Day Secondary Schools in Ilorin South Local Government Area of Kwara State.
Definition of terms
Academic Performance: This means the level of attainment on what the students have been able to achieve in terms of success in examination. It may be either excellent or poor performance.
Facilities: These are materials that make it possible or easier to do something, such facilities in teaching like desks, chairs, libraries etc. for easy learning process.
Equipment: Things needed for a particular purpose. School equipment like modern equipment, learning technology for writing on.
Adequate: Enough in quantity or good enough in quality, for the purpose or need for effective academic performance.
Significance: This is the importance of something or educational equipment
Laboratory: This is a room or building used for scientific research, experiments testing etc.
Teaching: This is the passing of knowledge from an experienced person to an inexperienced person.
Effective: This is producing the result that is wanted or intended.
Education: This is the process of teaching and learning to improve knowledge and develop skills of an individual to the society.
Classroom: This is where teaching and learning takes place.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, we intend to consider and review various views, opinions and contribution relating to the subject educational facilities and academic performance of secondary school students.
We shall therefore present an articulate analysis of related views, opinions and contributions to the subject matter, while divergent views will be counterpoised when necessary.
Concept of Educational Facilities
Educational facilities have been observed as a potent factor to functional education. The importance to teaching and learning of the provision of adequate instructional facilities for education cannot be over-emphasised. The dictum that “teaching is inseparable from learning but learning is not separable from teaching” is that teachers do the teaching to make the students learn, but students can learn without the teachers. According to Akande (1985), learning can occur through one’s interaction with one’s environment. Environment here refers to facilities that are available to facilitate students learning outcome. It includes books, audio-visual, software and hardware of educational technology; so also, size of classroom, sitting position and arrangement, availability of tables, chairs, chalkboards, shelves on which instruments for practical’s are arranged (Farrant, 1991 and Farombi, 1998)...
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