ABSTRACT
Transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. Transportation has been an integral part of the hospitality industry; transportation links hospitalist with various hospitalist attractions. There is a general agreement that hospitality expands more when there are better transportation systems. Tanzania hospitality had been underperforming compared to the natural heritage the country is endowed with. One of the things mentioned as the reason for under performance is poor transportation systems. The study used Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to examine the developed hypotheses to be able to identify transportation needs for hospitality promotion. In this paper, the role transportation plays in hospitality industry was discussed. |
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and additional fields within the tourism industry. The hospitality industry is a multi-billion dollar industry that depends on the availability of leisure time and disposable income. A hospitality unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or an amusement park consists of multiple groups such as facility maintenance and direct operations (servers, housekeepers, porters, kitchen workers, bartenders, management, marketing, and human resources etc.).
Usage rate, or its inverse "vacancy rate", is an important variable for the hospitality industry. Just as a factory owner would wish a productive asset to be in use as much as possible (as opposed to having to pay fixed costs while the factory is not producing), so do restaurants, hotels, and theme parks seek to maximize the number of customers they "process" in all sectors. This led to formation of services with the aim to increase usage rate provided by hotel consolidators. Information about required or offered products are brokered on business networks used by vendors as well as purchasers.
In looking at various industries, "barriers to entry" by newcomers and competitive advantages between current players are very important. Among other things, hospitality industry players find advantage in old classics (location), initial and ongoing investment support (reflected in the material upkeep of facilities and the luxuries located therein), and particular themes adopted by the marketing arm of the organization in question (for example at theme restaurants). Also very important are the characteristics of the personnel working in direct contact with the customers. The authenticity, professionalism, and actual concern for the happiness and well-being of the customers that is communicated by successful organizations is a clear competitive advantage.
The chief segment of the hospitality business encompasses transportation. This includes airlines, trains, cruise ships and the staff for each. Flight attendants and cruise staff function as food servers and hoteliers in their efforts to provide food or drink and a comfortable experience. Business travelers and vacationers alike form the basis for this area of hospitality. Travel and tourism requires knowledgeable employees in information technology, and they are also considered a part of hospitality. Destinations such as amusement parks draw thousands of people, all of whom want to benefit from great customer service while enjoying a memorable adventure.
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Transportation is an important, even vital, source of income for many countries. Its importance was recognized as an activity essential to the life of nations because of its direct effects on the social, cultural, educational, and economic sectors of national societies and on their international relations.
Transportation brings in large amounts of income into a local economy in the form of payment for goods and services needed by hospitality industries, accounting for 30% of the world's trade of services, and 6% of overall exports of goods and services. It also creates opportunities for employment in the service sector of the economy associated with hospitality.
The service industries which benefit from transportation services, such as hospitality services, such as accommodations, including hotels and resorts; and entertainment venues, such as amusement parks, casinos, shopping malls, music venues, and theatres. This is in addition to goods bought by tourists, including souvenirs, clothing and other supplies.
The objectives of the study include:
a. To identify and describe the role transportation is playing in hospitality industry.
b. To ascertain the extent to which transportation has helped to promote hospitality
c. To identify the problems encountered by transportation in hospitality industry
d. To evaluate various measures introduced to boost hospitality industry through transportation.
e. To make suggestion and recommendations based on the data generated by the study.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study comprises of a range of businesses that provide services and facilities such as accommodation, food and beverage, entertainment, gaming and related products.
The term "hospitality" has become accepted over the years as a generic word, which describes the well being of services and facilities related to tourists and travellers.
The hospitality industry is represented in every country in the world and is diverse and complex. It encompasses a range of free-standing hospitality businesses and is also a component of a wide range of venues whose primary function is not hospitality.
The hospitality industry consists of broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, restaurants, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and additional fields within the hospitality industry. The hospitality industry is a several billion dollar industry that mostly depends on the availability of leisure time and disposable income. A hospitality unit such as a restaurant, hotel, or even an amusement park consists of multiple groups such as facility maintenance, direct operations (servers, housekeepers, porters, kitchen workers, bartenders, etc.), management, marketing, and human resources.
The hospitality industry covers a wide range of organizations offering food service and accommodation. The hospitality industry is divided into sectors according to the skill-sets required for the work involved. Sectors include accommodation, food and beverage, meeting and events, gaming, entertainment and recreation, tourism services, and visitor information.
Usage rate is an important variable for the hospitality industry. Just as a factory owner would wish to have his or her productive asset in use as much as possible (as opposed to having to pay fixed costs while the factory isn't producing), so do restaurants, hotels, and theme parks seek to maximize the number of customers they "process" through transportation.
1.5 PROBLEM/LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Travel companies are finding it increasingly difficult to do targeted campaigns, unable to offer the product personalized to customers, unable to do sales forecasting, missing the target on the number of inventory that should be pre-bought, unable to optimize pricing strategy.
1.6 SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
Few scenarios in travel industry that business intelligence and analytics can solve:
- Identify parameters or business elements that will increase customer lifetime value
- Understand customer’s buying pattern to offer more personalized products for them
- Get a 360 degree view of customer to offer them targeted products/campaign promotions/discount offers
- Identify parameters that will contribute in increasing conversion on all distribution channels (Web, Mobile, Social Media, Agency, Call center)
- Offer differentiated customer experience by providing them targeted loyalty program
- Identify customers who are more prone to cancel their bookings (flight / hotel / car / bus / train / cruise)
- Identify reasons on why customers are cancelling their bookings
- Real-time dashboard for: Products viewed / sold, payment failures, agency performance
- Ability to derive product pricing depending on historical data to gain high yield
- Determine the spend to acquire a new customer by geo-demography
- Ability to forecast customer demand to take actionable decisions in terms of resource planning, yield management
- Plan your marketing strategy by understanding the campaign responsiveness among customers
With the right set of reports, ability to generate report without any technical knowledge, with a single source of truth and high data quality – travel companies can create a differentiated customer experience and increase their revenue.
1.7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The critical appraisal to give answers to the following questions.
a. To what extent has transportation helped to promote hospitality industry?
b. What are the problems encountered by hospitality industry?
c. What are the various measures introduced to boost hospitality industry and how this has affected the realization of the set goals?
1.8 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H0 – that there is no relationship between transportation and the operations of hospitality industry in Nigeria.
H1 – that there is relationship between transportation and the operations of hospitality industry in Nigeria.
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