ABSTRACT

The communication of data from one point to another is a crucial business function. Methods of data communication vary from the use of existing telephone lines to satellite transmission.
This research in summary, will overview or rather elucidate the uses of computer in data communication. 

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Data is defined in the Occupational Outlook Handbook, (11th Edition) as a collection of facts in raw forms that become information after processing. Communication is defined in the oxford advance learner’s dictionary (6th edition) as: methods of sending information, especially telephones, radios, computers, etc.   In view of the above definitions, data communication may be taken as a process by which raw facts or even information’s are being transmitted or sent over computers. We all are acquainted with some sorts of communication in our day to day life. For communication of information and messages we use telephone and postal communication systems. Similarly data and information from one computer system can be transmitted to other systems across geographical areas. Thus data communication is the movement of information using some standard methods. These methods include electrical signals carried along a conductor, optical signals along an optical fibers and electromagnetic areas.

1.2 TYPES OF DATA COMMUNICATION
There are three basic configurations in data communication: computer peripheral device, computer-to-computer, and communication through a data switch.
a) computer/peripheral-device communication
Data communication may be taken as a process of transfer of data from a computer central processing unit (CPU) and a peripheral device, such as a terminal or a storage medium.  The storage or terminal device is under the complete control o the central processing unit (CPU).it is customary to call this kind o set-up a master-slave relationship.
b) computer-to-computer: often it necessary transfer data from one computer to another. 
Communication between two computers may be a master-slave connection. An example is a mainframe computer connected to a special purpose minicomputer. The minicomputer typically performs auxiliary functions for the mainframe. Computers can communicate with one another through computer networking.
c) Communication through a data switch: a data switch is a device similar to a telephone exchange. A number of CPU’s and peripheral devices are linked to it, and it can connect any two of tem together on demand.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
The objective if this research work is to overview the uses of the computer in the transmission of data. Hence, to review the various methods of data transmission. The objectives may be listed thus:

• To explain the concept of data communication
• To identify different types of data communication
• To understand what is internet and email and its uses in modern data communication

1.4 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
The way information is being transmitted from one place to another in the past few years have seen a tremendous innovation.  The use of computer in the transmission of information (processed data) has provided a novelty of services in data transmission. One of the services of computer data transmission as will be as will be reviewed in this work is the Internet.

1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Data:  is defined as a collection of facts in raw forms that become information after processing.
Computer: is an electronic machine that can store, organize and find information, do calculations, and control other machinery.
Internet: an international computer network connecting other networks and computers in the world.
Computer networking: A computer network is an interconnection of various computer systems located at different places. In computer network two or more computers are linked together with a medium and data communication devices for the purpose of communicating data and sharing resources.

 

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