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BY

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--/H2013/01430
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SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "three-phase soft motor starter using atmega 328" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

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Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

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External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This work "three-phase soft motor starter using atmega 328" research material is a complete and well researched project material strictly for academic purposes, which has been approved by different Lecturers from different higher institutions. We made Preliminary pages, Abstract and Chapter one of "three-phase soft motor starter using atmega 328" visible for everyone, then the complete material on "three-phase soft motor starter using atmega 328" is to be ordered for. Happy viewing!!!

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BILL OF ENGINEERING MEASUREMENTS AND EVALUATION
(FOR THREE-PHASE SOFT MOTOR STARTER USING ATMEGA 328)
The expenditure made in purchasing all the components / materials and quantity used in building this project are tabulated as shown below:

S/N	DESCRIPTION	QUANTITY	UNIT PRICE (N)	COST (N)	REMARK
1	Power supply	1	3000	3000	24v
2	Atmega microcontroller	3	6000	18000
3	Ic base	3	500	1500
4	4N25 opto-coupler	3	500	1500
5	Connecting Wire	5yards	200	900
6	Switch	1	400	400
7	MO3011 opto isolator	3	400	1200
8	Arduino Programming		10000	10000
9	triac	3	1000	1000
10	casing	1	600	500
11	Bulbs and lamp holders	3 +3		900
12	capacitors	3	50	150
13	Resistors	6*3	20	160
14	Preset resistor	3	50	150
15	diac	3	100	300
16	3-pin plug	3	300	900
17	Local transport		6000	6000
18	Miscellaneous		5000	5000
GRAND TOTAL                                                                                                      51560

For a three phase motor, this circuit was made into three different places but having common neutral part and common dc power supply.
In the main circuit diagram above transformer T1, D1, and D3 produce a positive going pulsating DC with a peak voltage of about 18 volts and a frequency of 120 Hertz. Diode D2 blocks the filtering effect of capacitor C2, which with U2 supplies positive five volts for the arduino microcontroller.
The 4N25 opto-coupler provides a narrow 120 Hertz pulse at zero and 180 degrees of the sine wave. This pulse is fed to digital pin 2 (Dp2) of the controller to trigger an interrupt when the sine wave passes zero and 180 degrees. (There's 360 degrees in a sine wave.)
Then we create a firing pulse applied the opto-insulated DIAC through this resistor and an LED.MOC 3011 Opto-isolators prevent high voltages from the diac affecting the ardiuno.
By programming a delay of between .1 and 8.2 milliseconds (.1 and 9.9 on 50Hz systems) based on the voltage value on pin AD0 we control the firing point of a triac, transistor, or silicon controlled rectifier to control power output.
The Diac is a very useful device which can be used to trigger triacs because of its negative resistance characteristics that allows it to switch “ON” rapidly once a certain applied voltage level is reached.

PROGRAM CODE
#define triacPulse 5
#define SW 4
#define aconLed 12
int val;

void setup()  {
  pinMode(2, INPUT);
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH); // pull up
  pinMode(triacPulse, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(SW, INPUT);
  digitalWrite(SW, HIGH);
  pinMode(aconLed, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(aconLed, LOW);
}

void loop() {
  // check for SW closed
  if (!digitalRead(SW))   {
    // enable power
    attachInterrupt(0, acon, FALLING);
    // HV indicator on
    digitalWrite(aconLed, HIGH);
  }  // end if
  else if (digitalRead(SW)) {
    detachInterrupt(0); // disable power
    // HV indicator off
    digitalWrite(aconLed, LOW);
  }  // else
} // end loop

// begin ac int routine
// delay() will not work!
void acon()   {
  // 10K potentiometer connected to AN0
  delayMicroseconds((analogRead(0) * 7) + 200); // read AD0
  // change 7 to 9 if 50Hz.
  digitalWrite(triacPulse, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(200);
  // delay 200 uSec on output pulse to turn on triac
  digitalWrite(triacPulse, LOW);
}

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "three-phase soft motor starter using atmega 328" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "three-phase soft motor starter using atmega 328" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "three-phase soft motor starter using atmega 328" was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "three-phase soft motor starter using atmega 328" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "three-phase soft motor starter using atmega 328" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "three-phase soft motor starter using atmega 328" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of"three-phase soft motor starter using atmega 328" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "three-phase soft motor starter using atmega 328" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "three-phase soft motor starter using atmega 328" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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