WATER RETICULATION IN A WORKSHOP
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--/H2013/01430
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This is to certify that the research work, "water reticulation in a workshop" by ---, Reg. No. --/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
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This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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Water is an essential natural resource for human existence. It is needed in every workshop for example; it is used for refining, for liquid-liquid extraction in hydro-metallurgical processes, for cooling, for scrubbing in the iron and the steel industry and for several operations in mechanical engineering workshop. It is necessary to adopt a new approach to design workshop water supply networks; water shortages are expected in the forthcoming decades and environmental regulations for water utilization and waste-water disposal are increasingly stringent in workshop. To achieve a sustainable water supply network in workshop, water reticulation was introduced. Water reticulation means a network of pipes that distribute water from sources of charge to points of discharge. This would be similar to a power grid which receives electric energy from various points of charge and delivers it to various points of discharge. In other to have such system a pump, valve and faucet must be setup. A pump is a charging device at a point of charge. A valve is a flow control device along such a network of pipes. A faucet is a terminal flow control device at a point of discharge.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF WATER
2.3 REVIEW OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORK
2.4 REVIEW OF WATER ABSTRACTION AND RAW WATER TRANSFER
2.5 WATER TREATMENT
2.6 REVIEW OF WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
2.7 TOPOLOGIES OF WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 SYSTEM DIAGRAM
3.2 PUMPING POWER
3.3 PUMP EFFICIENCY
3.4 CAUSES OF LOSS OF WATER PRESSURE IN A WORKSHOP
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 DESCRIPTION OF WATER RETICULATION COMPONENTS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The demand for water supply systems in the workshop is a continuous and constantly issues. The largest component of use is normally residential, for which rates of demand vary seasonally throughout the year. Demand rate is due the economic importance of water in the workshop.
Conventional reticulation systems are designed to meet the peak instant or peak hourly rate of demand at the end of the design period. Reticulation sending water from the dam or from the pump to the consumer unit, that is, the workshop.
The cost of the reticulation system required to deliver water is highest when the capacity of the network is based on the peak instant rate, and would be significantly lower if based on the average rate. This reduction in design rate could be achieved using a small pump on each property with a storage tank with sufficient balancing storage. This means that the pipes for new systems need not be as large and that retro-fitting tanks into existing systems would allow substantial expansion into fringe areas without having to upgrade the existing tail works system. However, the additional costs for the tank, pump and associated pipes and fittings must be added.
However, water is an essential natural resource for human existence. It is needed in every workshop for example; it is used for refining, for liquid-liquid extraction in hydro-metallurgical processes, for cooling, for scrubbing in the iron and the steel industry and for several operations in mechanical engineering workshop. It is necessary to adopt a new approach to design workshop water supply networks; water shortages are expected in the forthcoming decades and environmental regulations for water utilization and waste-water disposal are increasingly stringent in workshop.
To achieve a sustainable water supply network in workshop, water reticulation was introduced.
Water reticulation means a network of pipes that distribute water from sources of charge to points of discharge (workshop). This would be similar to a power grid which receives electric energy from various points of charge and delivers it to various points of discharge. In other to have such system a pump, valve and faucet must be setup.
- 2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objective of this project is to setup a system that can send water from the storage tank to the workshop, water is needed in every workshop for example; it is used for refining, for liquid-liquid extraction in hydro-metallurgical processes, for cooling, for scrubbing in the iron and the steel industry and for several operations in mechanical engineering workshop
- 3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This project work in combination with context expertise standard(s) will be able to explain the concepts and elements of water and wastewater reticulation systems. This competence will enable students to assist with the installation of such systems, read meters and explain water loss. This will contribute to the creation of workshop awareness regarding the importance of water use control and water as a scarce commodity. Achieving this Unit Standard will provide foundational learning that will advance his / her own expertise and employability in the water and other related sectors.
1.4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF WATER
Work commenced on a reticulated water supply in the 19th century and water was sourced from bores in the Central Business District. One of the effects of the 1931 Napier earthquake is the different soil properties within Napier City, depending on whether or not an area was submerged prior to the earthquake. The performance of certain materials is influenced by the different soil properties throughout Napier City.
The Tutaekuri River was diverted prior to the earthquake to reclaim Napier South and up to 1.2 metres of river silt was deposited to the east of Georges Drive. Metallic pipes and fittings that have subsequently been installed in the river silt are less prone to corrosion than similar pipes that have been installed in the old seabed to the west of Georges Drive.
A period of reconstruction, interrupted by the two wars of 1939-45 and Korea followed the earthquake. Though the latter had the effect of causing a boom in development, the former also had an effect on the supply of materials, noticeably in the poor quality of cast iron pipe, a problem that has become evident in recent years.
In 1968, Taradale Borough was amalgamated with Napier City and the reticulation of Taradale commenced, including a trunk main along Taradale Road, to connect to the main system. The amalgamation with Taradale also created the opportunity to utilise the high quality groundwater source in Taradale. The first public water supply well in Taradale was constructed in the early 1970's, and six more wells have been completed since. Lower water quality wells closer to Napier City have progressively been decommissioned; culminating with the decommissioning of the McLean Park bores in 1998. To improve security of supply to the city the Coverdale Well, located in the fringe zone between the good and poor quality areas, has been retained.
Bay View was amalgamated with Napier in 1989. A separate bulk water supply from the newly constructed Tannery Road bore to Bay View was installed by the HB County Council in 1988 to replace the Esk river bore, and this remained the sole supply to Bay View until 1998, when a second main was constructed from Westshore. The reticulation in Bay View was constructed during the 1960's.
A pumping main from Taradale to Hyderabad Road with a diameter of 450mm was completed in 1995 for the bulk transfer of water from Taradale to the rest of Napier.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "water reticulation in a workshop" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "water reticulation in a workshop" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "water reticulation in a workshop" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "water reticulation in a workshop" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "water reticulation in a workshop" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "water reticulation in a workshop" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "water reticulation in a workshop" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "water reticulation in a workshop" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "water reticulation in a workshop" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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