A RESEARCH PROJECT
BY
NNAEMEKA ORIOHA
EE/2017/167
SUBMITTED TO
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING CARITAS UNIVERSITY, AMORJI-NIKE, ENUGU.
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG)
AUGUST 2017
APPROVAL PAGE
This project has been read and approved by the undersigned as with the requirement at the department of Electrical Electronic Engineering of Caritas University Amorji Nike Enugu for the award of Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) in Electrical Electronic Engineering.
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Engr. Ejimorfor Date
(Project supervisor)
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Engr. Ejimofor Date
(Head of Department)
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External Supervisor
DECLARATION
I declare that this project material is an original work done by me under the supervision of Engr. Ejimorfor, department of electrical electronic engineering faculty of engineering caritas university, amorji-nike, enugu
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God and to my parents Engr. & Mrs. Chukwu A. Orioha and to my beloved brothers and sisters whose ever loving kindness and support has seen me through my years of studies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my immense gratitude to God Almighty for his mercy, guidance and protection towards me for seeing me through the rigors of this work. I am greatly indebted to my supervisor Engr. Ejimofor for his kind gesture and whose critics lead to the achievement of this work. I also will remain grateful to the tremendous contribution of my lecturers Engr. Ojobor (the Dean of Engineering Faculty), Engr. Ejimofor (Head of Electrical Electronic Engineering Department), Engr. Mbah, Engr. Ochi, and all the staff of Electrical Electronic Engineering both academic and non academic staff for their intellectual upbringing. My special appreciation goes to my loving parents Engr. & Mrs. Chukwu A. Orioha, my grandparent, my uncles and aunties, my brothers and sisters whose moral and financial support cannot be over emphasized. Also my sincere gratitude and special regards to my friends too many to mention whose encouragement also lead to the success of this work.
This work is on a device to detect rash driving on highways and to alert the traffic authorities in case of any violation. In past, lot of devices to detect rash driving on highways has been made.Most of the approaches require human concentration and involve a lot of effort, which is difficult to implement. In this paper we intend to design a system aimed at early detection and alert of dangerous vehicle driving patterns related to rash driving. The speed limit is set by the police who use the system depending upon the traffic at the very location. The time taken by the vehicle to travel from one set point to the other is calculated by control circuit and displays that on seven segment displays. Moreover, if the vehicle crosses the speed limit, a buzzer sounds alerting the police.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 OVERVIEW OF RECKLESS DRIVING
2.2 THE EFFECTS OF RECKLESS DRIVING
2.3 OVERVIEW OF SPEED LIMIT
2.4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SPEED LIMIT
2.5 ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.4 COMPONENTS LIST
3.5 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT AND TEST ANALYSIS
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.4 PACKAGING
4.5 MOUNTING PROCEDURE
4.6 TESTING
4.7 RESULT ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSIONS
5.2 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
While driving on highways, motorists should not exceed the maximum speed limit permitted for their vehicle. However, accidents keep occurring due to speed violations since the drivers tend to ignore their speedometers.
Rash driving is the cause of many road accidents all over the world. The traffic population has increased considerably in Nigeria as there is no means to control or monitor the speed of vehicles running on roads. This system proves highly effective in detection of overspeed driving. It is not at all necessary that such accidents are results of driving under the influence of alcohol as even a person who hasn’t consumed alcohol can drive in a reckless manner [3]-[5]. To overcome this problem and decrease death rate due to accidents, introduction of new and innovative speed enforcement technology is necessary
Nowadays, rash driving causes a serious danger to the driver as well as general public. Despite the fact that rash driving is a serious problem, its current methods of detection by patrol officers lack sufficiency [6], [7].
First of all, given the huge mileage of driveways, the number of patrol officers is far from enough to observe and analyze every driver's behaviors. Second, the guidelines of rash driving patterns are only descriptive and visual observations cannot specify the details of driving at night or in poor weather.
In the present system, to detect rash driving police has to use a handheld radar gun [8],[9]and aim at the vehicle to record its speed. If the speed of the vehicle exceeds the speed limit, the nearest police station is informed to stop the speeding vehicle.
This is an ineffective process as after detecting one has to inform the same and a lot of time is wasted. With the number of vehicles increasing day by day, this method cannot be trusted with the lives of people. A wide range of sensor technologies are also available, such as inductive loops, video, ultrasonic detectors, microwave detectors and radar based detectors [11].
The history of speed enforcement is replete with examples of new enforcement techniques; subsequent negative public reaction and resistance; and finally, assuming survival through legal challenges to these techniques.
The advantage of over speed driving warning system is that it will come handy for the highway traffic police as it will not only provide a digital display in accordance with a vehicle’s speed but will also sound an alarm if the vehicle exceeds the permissible speed for the highway.
The proposed system will check on rash driving by calculating the speed of a vehicle using the time taken to travel between the two set points at a fixed distance. A set point consists of a pair of sensors comprising of an IR transmitter and an IR receiver, each of which are installed on either sides of the road. The speed limit is set by the police who use the system depending upon the traffic at the very location. The time taken by the vehicle to travel from one set point to the other is calculated by control circuit. Based on that time, it then calculates the speed and displays that on seven segment displays. Moreover if the vehicle crosses the speed limit, a buzzer sounds alerting the police. This concept can be extended in future by integrating a camera with the system which could capture the image of the number plate of the vehicle to sends that to the traffic authorities.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to provide a digital display in accordance with a vehicle’s speed but also sound an alarm if the vehicle exceeds the permissible speed for the highway using weight sensor.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
And in most of the cases main reason of accident is overspeed. Although all highways do have signboards indicating maximum speed limit for the sake of driver’s safety, but still people does not obey highway speed limit. This speed checker will come handy for the highway traffic police as it will not only provide a digital display in accordance with a vehicle’s speed but also sound an alarm if the vehicle exceeds the permissible speed for the highway.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
We have used two sensors in this project. These sensors detect the vehicle speed. Condition is that, the two sensors should be installed at a distance of 100 meters apart from one another. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD display) is connected to this project. This display will show the vehicle speed. It will also intimate user if vehicle speed crossed the maximum speed limit or not. The project also has a Buzzer. Overspeed condition is indicated by turning on the Buzzer.
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1. This can be used at Highways (National Highways, State level Highways).
2. This project can also be used inside university campus areas or inside any company’s premises.
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- This project is valid for sequential flow of vehicles.
- It is only for one-ways.
1.7 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
1. A CCTV Camera can be placed on the highway. If any vehicle has crossed the maximum speed limit then this camera will be triggered to take a picture of the vehicle.
2. We can add voice announcement system. It will intimate the driver that he/she has crossed the over speed condition.
3. We can implement the GSM technology. So that the nearest highway security authorities will be informed about the vehicle which has over speed.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this speed checker. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this speed checker were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this speed checker. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
REFERENCES
[1] Dinesh Mohan, Omer Tsimhoni, Michael Sivak, Michael J Flannagan Road safety in India: challenges and opportunities–Repost numberUMTRI-2009-1 http://www.deepblue.lib.umich.edu
[2] Manisha Ruikar, National statistics of road traffic accidents in India, Journal of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, 23 Sep. 2013, vol. 6, issue 1, pp. 1-6
[3] Daniel Brookoff, Charles S. Cook, Charles Williams, and Calvin S. Mann, Testing Reckless Drivers for Cocaine and Marijuana, The New England Journal of Medicine, Aug. 25, 1994, pp. 518-522
[4] Jiangpeng Dai , Jin Teng , Xiaole Bai , Zhaohui Shen,and Dong Xuan Mobile phone based drunk driving detection in Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare (Pervasive Health), 2010 4th International Conference. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org
[5] Available on [https://medvinlaw.com/reckless-driving-in-virginia-while-intoxicated
-or-with-elevated-blood-alcohol-level-bac-new-2013-case-law/]
[6] Lafayatte police department Advanced roadside interview techniques for petrol officers.
[7] Harper Finch Lawyers, Speed Detection Methods. Available on: [http://www.trafficlawqld.com.au/HarperFinchLawyers2056/Page/21590/SpeedDetectionMethods.aspx]
[8] Available on: [http://www.cnet.com/news/police-radar-gun-that-shows-if-youre-texting/#!]
[9] Available on: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIDAR_speed_gun]
[10] Available on: [https://www.elprocus.com/speed-checker-to-detect-rash-driving-on-highways/]
[11]Shyr-Long Jeng, Wei-Hua Chieng, and Hsiang-PinLu Estimating Speed Using a Side-Looking Single-Radar Vehicle Detecter, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 15, No. 2, April 2014, pp. 607-614.
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