PROJECT
BY
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EE/2017/167
SUBMITTED TO
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING CARITAS UNIVERSITY, AMORJI-NIKE, ENUGU.
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG)
APPROVAL PAGE
This project has been read and approved by the undersigned as with the requirement at the department of Electrical Electronic Engineering of Caritas University Amorji Nike Enugu for the award of Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) in Electrical Electronic Engineering.
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Engr. Ejimorfor Date
(Project supervisor)
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Engr. Ejimofor Date
(Head of Department)
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External Supervisor Date
DECLARATION
I declare that this project material is an original work done by me under the supervision of Engr. Ejimorfor, department of electrical electronic engineering faculty of engineering caritas university, amorji-nike, enugu
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God and to my parents Engr. & Mrs. Chukwu A. Orioha and to my beloved brothers and sisters whose ever loving kindness and support has seen me through my years of studies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my immense gratitude to God Almighty for his mercy, guidance and protection towards me for seeing me through the rigors of this work. I am greatly indebted to my supervisor Engr. Ejimofor for his kind gesture and whose critics lead to the achievement of this work. I also will remain grateful to the tremendous contribution of my lecturers Engr. Ojobor (the Dean of Engineering Faculty), Engr. Ejimofor (Head of Electrical Electronic Engineering Department), Engr. Mbah, Engr. Ochi, and all the staff of Electrical Electronic Engineering both academic and non academic staff for their intellectual upbringing. My special appreciation goes to my loving parents Engr. & Mrs. Chukwu A. Orioha, my grandparent, my uncles and aunties, my brothers and sisters whose moral and financial support cannot be over emphasized. Also my sincere gratitude and special regards to my friends too many to mention whose encouragement also lead to the success of this work.
Clap activated switch is an electronics device that can switch on and off a light, Fan, Radio or any other appliance by the sound of clap.
This is the system of a very sensitive clap switch. It switches ON/OFF a White LED or electrical appliances through claps. The circuit can sense the sound of claps from a distance of 1-2 meters. Condenser Mic picks up sound vibrations caused by the clap.
This device was built around transistors. These sound vibrations are given to the base of transistors. It amplifies the sound collected by the Mic.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTIO
PROJECT BACKGROUND
In the present modern world, switching circuits have become an indispensible part of our life. Right from your mobile phone to the various security systems, they can be seen everywhere. Even the horn of your motor car is a kind of switch used to warn people and vehicles in front of its presence. The sole purpose of an switch is to activate or deactivate a device. They may be in the form of a visual indicator, for example a flashing light, but switching circuit in the form of an audible tone or siren is more widely accepted as it is able to wake up even the unaware and the oblivious.
This is a project on CLAP SWITCH which can switch on/off any electrical circuit by the sound of a clap. The operation of the circuit is simple. If we clap the lamp turns on and to switch it off clap again. The condenser microphone picks up the sound of your claps, coughs, and the sound of that book knocked off the table. It produces a small electrical signal which is amplified by the succeeding transistor stage. Two transistors cross connected as a bi-stable multi vibrator change state at each signal. One of these transistors drives a heavier transistor which controls a lamp. This circuit can switch on and off a light, a fan or a radio etc by the sound of a clap. This circuit is constructed using basic electronic components like resistors, transistors, relay, transformer, capacitors. This circuit turns ‘ON’ light for the first clap. The light turns ON till the next clap. For the next clap the light turns OFF. This circuit works with 12V voltage. Therefore a step-down transformer 12V/300Ma is employed. This working of this circuit is based on amplifying nature of the transistor, switching nature of transistor, relay as an electronic switch. This circuit turns on light for the first clap and the light turns on till the next clap .
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- In the industries like the petroleum or chemical industries, some production processes have been started or stopped due to accidental switching of machinery leading to injury or death. This can cause financial strain on a company.
- In the radioactive process, manual switching poses great health hazards to the operator due to the side effects of exposure to the radioactive elements.
- Manual switching is an uphill task for the disabled and the aged due to movement constraints.
- Sometimes, we are victims of electric shocks from our devices when we try to switch them ON/OFF due to leaking currents from the electric switches.
- PROJECT MOTIVATION
The motivation of this project is to fulfil the following;
- To eliminate the stress in walking from end to end, or room to room of a building to switch devices ON/OFF.
- The provision of remote switching helps to safe guard operators and equipment.
- To ensure a reliable and safe method of switching domestic and industrial devices.
- OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
The objective of this project is to construct a device which can be used to switch ON and OFF devices using clap signals. This device was built around transistor.
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this work is defined by the following points
- The switching interface in this project is of the general purpose type as it is not restricted to only one type of load.
II. The clap signal accepted by the computer, will not be limited to just one person.
III. It will not be limited to low voltage, low current AC/DC applications of 240V maximum operating voltage.
V. The type of control this project employs is the simple ON/OFF control of devices
- SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT
This project’s completion will be of great benefit to our ever demanding and developing society. The working of the circuit is based on amplifying nature of the transistor. Switching the nature of transistor and relay as an electronic switch.
- It can be used in the case of saving power and time
- This circuit can use for security purpose also.
- Accidental switching of devices will be reduced to a minimum in our industries and homes.
- Walking from point to point to switch switches will be a thing of the past.
- This project will possess the LOCK and UNLOCK functions, which will prevent unintentional switching any time the user wishes.
- Our industries and homes will become friendlier to disabled people.
- The primary application involves an elderly or mobility-impaired person.
- We can turn something (e.g. a lamp) on and off from any location in the room (e.g. while lying in the bed) simply by clapping our hands.
- Low cost and reliable circuit.
- Complete elimination of man power
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
It is generally cumbersome to have to clap one’s hands to turn something on or off and it is generally seen as simpler for most use cases to use a traditional light switch.2. Unless we use a filter in the circuit, it is not that advantageous. So that circuit activates only for clap of particular frequencies and then it becomes accurate.
1.9 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Clap activated switch device will serve well in different phono-controlled applications. Clap switch is generally used for a
- light,
- television,
- radio or similar electronic device that the person will want to turn on/off from bed
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