DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATED FIRE EMERGENCY CONTROL
Fire disaster is a common threat to lives and property. Fire emergency control offers an automatic fire extinguishing which provides real time monitoring, exploration and programmed fire alarm. This paper presents the design of a low cost, robust and secure fire protection system for buildings .It sends early alarm when the fire occurs and helps to reduce the fire damage. This system consists of a smoke detector and a temperature sensor whose outputs are connected to the controller. The system takes into account the density of smoke and thus the probability of false alarms can be avoided. A PIC16F84A micro-controller is considered here to control the total arrangement and the test results through hardware prototype show that the validity of proposed approach which achieves design requirements as well as increase system reliability.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Fire is the result of a chemical combustion reaction, typically a reaction between oxygen in the atmosphere and some sort of fuel. For the combustion reaction to take place, the fuel has to be heated to its ignition temperature.
Fire extinguishers are designed to remove at least one of these elements thus fire will die out. A fire extinguisher is absolute necessary equipment in any home or office. While there's a good chance that the extinguisher will sit on the wall for years, collecting dust, it could end up saving our property and even our life.
In modern society, it is impossible to imagine house or building without a fire accident detector. Modern houses require a continuous installation of fire detector. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of a duplex that experience a fire accident without a detector that means everything in that building will get burnt even human beings. But in a case whereby fire emergency alarm is installed that means every one in that building will be alerted and also fire security bodies will also be informed for quick security action.
This system provides an automatic means of controlling fire accident using fire extinguisher. This device will automatically detect fire, alert to people and extinguished the fire automatically.
1.1 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This device will automatically detect fire, alert to people and extinguished the fire automatically using automatic fire extinguishers. They are installed facing slightly downwards above the room or anywhere it is installed. They are triggered when the ambient temperature rises to a level typical for a fire being present. The powder rapidly discharges over the room and kills of the flames. No human interaction is required.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is:
- to construct a device that will detect the unwanted presence of fire and thereby providing automatic means of controlling fire accident using fire extinguisher. This device will automatically detect fire, alert to people and extinguished the fire automatically. Provide an automatic fire-extinguishing system which eliminates the disadvantages of the conventional complicated system
- To enable easy installation or removal of the system in or from a region wherein automatic fire-extinguishing should be effected and
- To allow a flexible arrangement of gas jetting nozzles according to the size and shape of the region.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- If your workplace uses a fire detection system that was designed and installed to meet the fire protection requirements of a specific standard. The primary advantage of a home automatic fire emergency system is increased reliability and the ability to place alarms and bells exactly where needed.
- The operation of the device is automatically.
- The microcontroller based adjustable fire extinguishing system has been introduced. Experimental results showed that it provides-
- Reliability
- Applicable to different sizes of fire extinguisher
- High controlling capability over them
- It allows minimum of maintenance work
- There is a greatly reduced of malfunction
- The price-performance relationship is cost effective.
1.4 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to an automated fire emergency control. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of a automated fire emergency control were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a fire alarm. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
The development of these life-saving appliances began in 1939 when Ermst Meili, a Swiss physicist, devised an ionization chamber device capable of detecting combustible gases in mines. The real breakthrough was Meili's invention of a cold-cathode tube that could amplify the small electronic signal generated by the detection mechanism to a strength sufficient to activate an alarm.
Although ionization chamber smoke detectors have been available in the United States since 1951, they were initially used only in factories, warehouses, and public buildings because they were expensive. By 1971 residential ICSDs were commercially available; they cost about per detector and sold at a rate of a few hundred thousand per year...read more
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