PROJECT
BY
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EE/2017/167
SUBMITTED TO
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING CARITAS UNIVERSITY, AMORJI-NIKE, ENUGU.
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG)
APPROVAL PAGE
This project has been read and approved by the undersigned as with the requirement at the department of Electrical Electronic Engineering of Caritas University Amorji Nike Enugu for the award of Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) in Electrical Electronic Engineering.
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Engr. Ejimorfor Date
(Project supervisor)
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Engr. Ejimofor Date
(Head of Department)
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External Supervisor Date
DECLARATION
I declare that this project material is an original work done by me under the supervision of Engr. Ejimorfor, department of electrical electronic engineering faculty of engineering caritas university, amorji-nike, enugu
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God and to my parents Engr. & Mrs. Chukwu A. Orioha and to my beloved brothers and sisters whose ever loving kindness and support has seen me through my years of studies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my immense gratitude to God Almighty for his mercy, guidance and protection towards me for seeing me through the rigors of this work. I am greatly indebted to my supervisor Engr. Ejimofor for his kind gesture and whose critics lead to the achievement of this work. I also will remain grateful to the tremendous contribution of my lecturers Engr. Ojobor (the Dean of Engineering Faculty), Engr. Ejimofor (Head of Electrical Electronic Engineering Department), Engr. Mbah, Engr. Ochi, and all the staff of Electrical Electronic Engineering both academic and non academic staff for their intellectual upbringing. My special appreciation goes to my loving parents Engr. & Mrs. Chukwu A. Orioha, my grandparent, my uncles and aunties, my brothers and sisters whose moral and financial support cannot be over emphasized. Also my sincere gratitude and special regards to my friends too many to mention whose encouragement also lead to the success of this work.
As automation is the next leading step in changing the traditional techniques, the means of making these changes possible is currently in trend. Automating the whole system not only reduces time, but it also saves a lot of resources and man-power. Just assume if a company has a worker employed only for counting the finished products and if this worker is replaced by a digital automatic system, then the chances of false counting, errors, etc. factors are reduced. The digital system can be made with precision and high accuracy along with a high efficiency. It thus replaces the man-power used for the simple task and thereby reduces the problems the normal employee may create. The techniques of developing such a system which replaces the old traditional method of counting objects, are vivid. The developer has to take care of the nature and the environment for which he will be creating such system. One such system which has been designed or forecasted has been introduced in quite a few areas. The main aim of this work is to design an infrared object counter can be installed at the entry gate to count the total number of people entering any venue.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The object counter is a cost effective and a simple system. It overcomes the problem of manual counting of objects. Everything is digital, so the signals can be used for further analysis and is compatible with other digital devices. If this system is implemented, then automation in the product counting can be achieved. Also, there is no hazardous elements used in the circuitry and hence it can be used even at hazardous atmospheres in an industrial area. The logic is very simple, the circuit has TSOP1738 sensor which detects whether there is a object or not in front of it. The controller will take the input from theTSOP1738 sensor, process it and sends the output to the LCD display unit which will display the number of products counted. The TSOP1738 is a IR detecting device, it detects the IR rays transmitted at 38kHzfrequency (it is transmitting frequency not the frequency of the IR rays). Its output is not affected by the surrounding lights; therefore it will sense the object only. To transmit IR rays at 38 kHzthe astable multivibrator mode of 555 IC is used.
This infrared object counter can be installed at the entry gate to count the total number of people entering any venue. For example, it can be used at the railway stations or bus stands to count the people arriving per day or week.
The counter uses an infrared transmitter-receiver pair and a simple, low-cost calculator. It works even in the presence of normal light. The maximum detection range is about 10 meters. That means the transmitter and the receiver are to be installed (at the opposite pillars of the gate) not more than 10 meters apart. No focusing lens is required. If an 8-digit calculator is used the counter can count up to 99,999,999 easily, and if a 10-digit calculator is used the counter can count up to 9,999,999,999.
1.2 AIM OF THE PROJECT
1. The Basic aim of the project is to count the number of objects.
2. To design an efficient model with low cost.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this project is to construct a device which can count the number of people entering a particular place. Infrared object counter can be installed at the entry gate to count the total number of people entering any venue.
1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
The counter application is often used for:
- Counting people traversing a certain passage or entrance. For example, in commercial buildings there are gates which control user access or presence often used to optimize energy consumption;
- Counting objects or merchandise in industrial sector;
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The distance from the object is very important and in some cases the IR sensor is not suitable for these applications. If the distance from the object is greater than 20-30cm, the ultrasonic sensor can be a better choice.
1.6 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
People / Object counter circuit have a wide variety of applications in Banks, Hospitals, factories etc. The purpose of the project focuses on building an effective counter using IR as a sensing element and capable of counting from 0 to 999.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This device is powered by a 9V battery; the transmitter circuit comprises IC 555 (IC1), which is wired as an astable multivibrator with a centre frequency of about 38 kHz, and two infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The receiver circuit is powered by a 5V regulated power supply built around transformer X1, bridge rectifier comprising diodes D1 through D4 and regulator IC2
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective, scope, purpose, limitation and application, of the study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
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