PROJECT
BY
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EE/2017/167
SUBMITTED TO
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING CARITAS UNIVERSITY, AMORJI-NIKE, ENUGU.
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG)
APPROVAL PAGE
This project has been read and approved by the undersigned as with the requirement at the department of Electrical Electronic Engineering of Caritas University Amorji Nike Enugu for the award of Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) in Electrical Electronic Engineering.
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Engr. Ejimorfor Date
(Project supervisor)
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Engr. Ejimofor Date
(Head of Department)
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External Supervisor Date
DECLARATION
I declare that this project material is an original work done by me under the supervision of Engr. Ejimorfor, department of electrical electronic engineering faculty of engineering caritas university, amorji-nike, enugu
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God and to my parents Engr. & Mrs. Chukwu A. Orioha and to my beloved brothers and sisters whose ever loving kindness and support has seen me through my years of studies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my immense gratitude to God Almighty for his mercy, guidance and protection towards me for seeing me through the rigors of this work. I am greatly indebted to my supervisor Engr. Ejimofor for his kind gesture and whose critics lead to the achievement of this work. I also will remain grateful to the tremendous contribution of my lecturers Engr. Ojobor (the Dean of Engineering Faculty), Engr. Ejimofor (Head of Electrical Electronic Engineering Department), Engr. Mbah, Engr. Ochi, and all the staff of Electrical Electronic Engineering both academic and non academic staff for their intellectual upbringing. My special appreciation goes to my loving parents Engr. & Mrs. Chukwu A. Orioha, my grandparent, my uncles and aunties, my brothers and sisters whose moral and financial support cannot be over emphasized. Also my sincere gratitude and special regards to my friends too many to mention whose encouragement also lead to the success of this work.
The system attempts to actuate a load based system as soon as Infrared Rays collide with an object. In industries this system is used to take up an action as soon as an object is encountered on the conveyor belt. The system uses an IR receiver that receives an Infrared signal that is generated using an IR diode. These IR sensors are interfaced to a microcontroller of the 8051 family. The IR transmitter constantly transfers rays to the IR receiver which in turn constantly sends output to the microcontroller.The microcontroller is then used to read the signal as soon as an object is encountered and then actuate the load. Here a simple lamp is used to demonstrate as a load. The lamp is actuated by microcontroller through a relay. As soon as the microcontroller receives the IR receiver signal, it switches on the relay which then turns on the lamp.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Wastage of electricity is one of the main problems which we are facing now-a-days. In our home, school, colleges or industry we see that fan/lights are kept on even if there are nobody in the room or area/passage. This happens due to negligence or because we forgot to turn lights off or when we are in hurry. To avoid all such situations we have designed this project called “ir based obstacle detection for load switching project”. The main concept behind this project is known as “Visitor counter” which measures the number of persons entering in any room like seminar hall, conference room, classroom. This function is implemented using a pair of Infrared sensors. LCD display placed outside the room displays this value of person count. This person count will be incremented if somebody enters in the room and at that time lights are turned on. And in a reverse way, person count will be decremented if somebody leaves the room. When the number of persons inside the room is zero,
1.2 AIM OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of the project is to develop a system for the detection of obstacle and switching the load according to the detection using IR sensor.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The project uses 38 KHz IR signal generated feeding an IR diode which is received by tuned IR receiver. These IR sensors are interfaced to a microcontroller of 8051. The IR transmitter continuously transmits rays over the receiver and when these rays are blocked by any object an interrupt is sent to the microcontroller.
The microcontroller according to program written performs the desired action. A lamp is used as load in this project for demonstration purpose. This lamp is actuated by a relay which is interfaced to the microcontroller output. So when the interrupt is sent to the controller, it in turn switches ON the relay to actuate the load
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device is helpful in industries for sensing movement of material in a conveyor belt for any action to be taken.
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This device is useful in the following places such as:
- home,
- school,
- colleges
- or industry for conveyor belts, lifts and many industrial types of machinery.
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