PROJECT
BY
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EE/2017/167
SUBMITTED TO
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING CARITAS UNIVERSITY, AMORJI-NIKE, ENUGU.
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG)
APPROVAL PAGE
This project has been read and approved by the undersigned as with the requirement at the department of Electrical Electronic Engineering of Caritas University Amorji Nike Enugu for the award of Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) in Electrical Electronic Engineering.
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Engr. Ejimorfor Date
(Project supervisor)
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Engr. Ejimofor Date
(Head of Department)
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External Supervisor Date
DECLARATION
I declare that this project material is an original work done by me under the supervision of Engr. Ejimorfor, department of electrical electronic engineering faculty of engineering caritas university, amorji-nike, enugu
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God and to my parents Engr. & Mrs. Chukwu A. Orioha and to my beloved brothers and sisters whose ever loving kindness and support has seen me through my years of studies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my immense gratitude to God Almighty for his mercy, guidance and protection towards me for seeing me through the rigors of this work. I am greatly indebted to my supervisor Engr. Ejimofor for his kind gesture and whose critics lead to the achievement of this work. I also will remain grateful to the tremendous contribution of my lecturers Engr. Ojobor (the Dean of Engineering Faculty), Engr. Ejimofor (Head of Electrical Electronic Engineering Department), Engr. Mbah, Engr. Ochi, and all the staff of Electrical Electronic Engineering both academic and non academic staff for their intellectual upbringing. My special appreciation goes to my loving parents Engr. & Mrs. Chukwu A. Orioha, my grandparent, my uncles and aunties, my brothers and sisters whose moral and financial support cannot be over emphasized. Also my sincere gratitude and special regards to my friends too many to mention whose encouragement also lead to the success of this work.
With increase in population we have an increase in the garbage around urban areas. Here we propose a smart dustbin that operates automatically to help solve this issue using IOT and sensor based circuitry. Usual dustbins require to be opened by pressing foot against its lever and then throwing garbage. Also a person needs to keep track when it is full so that it can be emptied and does not overflow. Here we propose a smart dustbin that does all this by itself. Our system consists of a sensor in order to detect human clap signal and on a clap of foot tap it opens automatically without anyone needing to press its lever. The dustbin opens automatically when it receives the signal and closes its hatch. Also the dustbin consists of a level sensing ultrasonic sensor that constantly measures the level of garbage in the bin and automatically detects if it is about to fill up. The dustbin now consists of a smart circuitry that transmits this information over the web to signal the main garbage collector of the facility to empty the particular garbage bin. We use IOTgecko to develop the online web part for the iot system.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Waste management is all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal [1]. This includes collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation. Waste collection methods vary widely among different countries and regions. Domestic waste collection services are often provided by local government authorities.
Curbside collection is the most common method of disposal in most countries, in which waste is collected at regular intervals by specialised trucks. Waste collected is then transported to an appropriate disposal area.
Nowdays, cities with developing economies experience exhausted waste collection services, inadequately managed and uncontrolled dumpsites and the problems are worsening [2]. Waste collection method in such countries is an on-going challenge and many struggle due to weak institutions and rapid urbanization.
Waste management has been a crucial issue to be considered. This paper is a way to achieve this good cause. In this paper, smart bin is built on a microcontroller based platform Arduino Uno board which is interfaced with GSM modem and Ultrasonic sensor. Ultrasonic sensor is placed at the top of the dustbin which will measure the stature of the dustbin. The threshold stature is set as 10cm. Arduino will be programmed in such a way that when the dustbin is being filled, the remaining height from the threshold height will be displayed. Once the garbage reaches the threshold level ultrasonic sensor will trigger the GSM modem which will continuously alert the required authority until the garbage in the dustbin is squashed. Once the dustbin is squashed, people can reuse the dustbin. At regular intervals dustbin will be squashed. Once these smart bins are implemented on a large scale, by replacing our traditional bins present today, waste can be managed efficiently as it avoids unnecessary lumping of wastes on roadside. Foul smell from these rotten wastes that remain untreated for a long time, due to negligence of authorities and carelessness of public may lead to long term problems.[1] Breeding of insects and mosquitoes can create nuisance around promoting unclean environment. This may even cause dreadful diseases.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to build a touch free dustbin so, when any person reaches near to it, the lid of it will open automatically so there is no need to open that dirty lid by your hands. This project also includes a Green LED to indicate that the dustbin is Empty and a Red LED to indicate the Full condition. As soon as the garbage inside the dustbin reaches as the approx. level of 90% a Buzzer will turn ON for few seconds to tell the user not to use this dustbin and Red LED will be turned on until it’s Empty again.
1.3 PROJECT MOTIVATION
With increase of population, the scenario of cleanliness with respect to garbage management is degrading tremendously. In city there are many public places where we see that garbage bins or dustbins are placed but are overflowing. This creates unhygienic condition in the nearby surrounding. Also creates ugliness and some serious diseases, at the same time bad smell is also spread and it also degrades the valuation of that area. To avoid such situation we come up with a project called “Smart Dustbin” which is a GSM based Garbage and waste collection bins overflow indicator system for Smart Cities
1.4 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
The invention as described in the drawing finds applications in Home, Offices, Industries, Factories, Hospitals and Public places
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Smart dustbins is a new idea of implementation which makes a normal dustbin smart using Infrared Sensors for garbage level detection and sending message to respective municipal authorities updating the status of the bin using GSM modem. Even this is a touch free dustbin so, when any person reaches near to it, the lid of it will open automatically so there is no need to open that dirty lid by your hands. This project also include a Green LED to indicate that the dustbin is Empty and a Red LED to indicate the Full condition. As soon as the garbage inside the dustbin reaches as the approx. level of 90% a Buzzer will turn ON for few seconds to tell the user not to use this dustbin and Red LED will be turned on until it’s Empty again. Till the dustbin is empty again, the lid will not open so that no one can through garbage into it and create mess.
1.6 PROJECT OUTCOME
This project will send an SMS to respective municipal authorities which contains the details about the over-flown dustbin. Lid of dustbin will be opened when any person reaches near to it.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device creates unhygienic condition in the nearby surrounding. Also creates ugliness and some serious diseases, at the same time bad smell is also spread and it also degrades the valuation of that area.
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