PROJECT
BY
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EE/2017/167
SUBMITTED TO
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING CARITAS UNIVERSITY, AMORJI-NIKE, ENUGU.
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG)
APPROVAL PAGE
This project has been read and approved by the undersigned as with the requirement at the department of Electrical Electronic Engineering of Caritas University Amorji Nike Enugu for the award of Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) in Electrical Electronic Engineering.
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Engr. Ejimorfor Date
(Project supervisor)
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Engr. Ejimofor Date
(Head of Department)
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External Supervisor Date
DECLARATION
I declare that this project material is an original work done by me under the supervision of Engr. Ejimorfor, department of electrical electronic engineering faculty of engineering caritas university, amorji-nike, enugu
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God and to my parents Engr. & Mrs. Chukwu A. Orioha and to my beloved brothers and sisters whose ever loving kindness and support has seen me through my years of studies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my immense gratitude to God Almighty for his mercy, guidance and protection towards me for seeing me through the rigors of this work. I am greatly indebted to my supervisor Engr. Ejimofor for his kind gesture and whose critics lead to the achievement of this work. I also will remain grateful to the tremendous contribution of my lecturers Engr. Ojobor (the Dean of Engineering Faculty), Engr. Ejimofor (Head of Electrical Electronic Engineering Department), Engr. Mbah, Engr. Ochi, and all the staff of Electrical Electronic Engineering both academic and non academic staff for their intellectual upbringing. My special appreciation goes to my loving parents Engr. & Mrs. Chukwu A. Orioha, my grandparent, my uncles and aunties, my brothers and sisters whose moral and financial support cannot be over emphasized. Also my sincere gratitude and special regards to my friends too many to mention whose encouragement also lead to the success of this work.
The source of a large outbreak of food borne disease caused by contaminated food (dry fish) has been traced to Nigeria. Although the microbiological quality of dry fish sampled was similar to that found in markets from developed countries, the presence of pathogens causes a risk of infection for consumers. There are several ways in which dry fish processing and consumption can be affected by pollution as result of environmental consequences. Environmental Air pollution is detrimental effect of fish processing. Each of these will be considered in turn in this work.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of air pollution in food stuff such as dry fish.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- AIM OF THE STUDY
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
- RESEARCH QUESTION
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS2.3 PROCESSING CONTAMINANTS
2.4 EMERGING FOOD CONTAMINANTS
2.5 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDYCHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 IMPACT OF THE STUDY
3.2 PREVENTING FOOD CONTAIMINATION
3.3 ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT MODE OF ACTION
3.4 METHOD OF OPERATION
3.5 EFFECTIVENESS UV LIGHT
3.5 INACTIVATION OF MICROORGANISMS
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 RISKS OF FOOD POLLUTION
4.2 EFFECTS OF FOOD POLLUTION
4.3 CAUSES OF FOOD POLLUTION
4.4 SOURCES OF FOOD POLLUTION
4.7 COST ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Air pollution occurs when harmful substances including particulates and biological molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere. It may cause diseases, allergies and also death of humans; it may also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and food crops, and may damage the natural or built environment. Human activity and natural processes can both generate air pollution.
As the course of this study, air pollution in food stuff is termed food pollution. Food pollution is generally defined as the presence in food or associated with food of toxic chemicals (elements or compounds) and/or biological contaminants or harmful microorganism which are not naturally present in food or are above their natural background levels (for those chemicals which are naturally found in some foods).
Food pollution means the presence in food or associated with food of toxic chemicals (elements or compounds) and/or biological contaminants which are not naturally present in food or are above their natural background levels (for those chemicals which are naturally found in some foods such as dry fish).
This may affect each of us by causing mild to severe food-illnesses or, even worse, contributing or causing the development of serious health problems such as hormonal and metabolism problems, or even various types of cancer.
Nervous system problems may also be induced by food stuff polluted with certain pesticides. Additionally, in rare cases when highly polluted food is consumed, serious food poisoning or death may occur almost immediately. In average, more than 70 million cases of food-borne illnesses occur in Nigeria every year resulting in approx. 5,000 deaths per year.
The causes of food pollution are many. Basically, any pollutant that comes in contact with food stuff has the potential to pollute the food stuff. Various vegetables may get contaminated with toxic bacterial strains (from irrigation water, groundwater, or soil) which may only be destroyed by processing the polluted food stuff at high temperatures.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
At the end of this work, students involved will be able to:
- Know more about food contamination
- Know more about air or food pollution
- Causes of air pollution on food items such as dry fish
- Know the effect of air pollution on food item such as dry fish which is sold at our local markets
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Air pollution risk is a function of the hazard of the pollutant and the exposure to that pollutant. Air pollution exposure can be expressed for entire populations. For example, one may want to calculate the exposure to a hazardous air pollutant for a geographic area on food stuff, which includes the various microenvironments and age groups. This can be calculated as an inhalation exposure. This would account for daily exposure in various settings. The exposure to an air pollutant must integrate the concentrations of the air pollutant with respect to the time spent in each setting and the respective inhalation rates for each subgroup for each specific time that the subgroup is in the setting and engaged in particular activities.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Air pollution costs the Nigeria economy millions of naira per year as a result of productivity losses and degraded quality of life, according to a joint study by the World Bank and the world health organization. These productivity losses are caused by deaths due to diseases caused by air pollution on food stuff. One out of ten deaths in 2013 was caused by diseases associated with air pollution and the problem is getting worse. The problem is even more acute in the developing world. However the importance of this study is to highlight the cost, impact and preventing measures of the polluted food stuff.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
When considering the effects of air pollution on human health, the food scientist must first consider the order of events that could lead to possible adverse effects. To develop a systematic approach, one must face a number of questions which this work will give answer to them. Among these are:
- With what potential human health effects should we be concerned on this study?
- Is there any means of controlling air pollution problems that exist today or could exist in the future?
- What disease caused by air pollution cause in human?
- How does food suff processing and storage attract pollution?
- Are there beneficial effects from the presence of antibiotics in foods?
- What recommendations should be made regarding ari pollution on food stuff?
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