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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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DC motors are widely used in industries because of its versatile characteristics and because of power electronics devices its controlling is becoming sophisticated and precise, but on the other hand because of the power electronics devices power factor and total harmonics distortion problem is becoming more prominent. In this paper DC motor controlled using ATmega8 (AT89C52) microcontroller which is the heart of the system. The microcontroller controls the Start, stop and change of direction OR the speed of a dc motor which is activated by pushbutton switches and indicated by LED.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF DC MOTOR
- REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES DC MOTOR
- PRINCIPLE OF DC MOTOR
- DESCRIPTION OF A DC MOTOR
- REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM DESIGN METHODOLOGY
- SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
- SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
- INITIALISATION AND KEY PRESS
- POWER SUPPLY UNIT
- MICROCONTROLLER UNIT
CHAPTER FOUR
TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS
- INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- CASING AND PACKAGING
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
- PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
- COST ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Motion control plays a vital role in industrial automation. Manufacturing plants in industries like chemical, pharmaceutical, plastic and textile, all require motion control. And it may be a flat-belt application, flow control application or mixing of substances. Different types of motors—AC, DC, servo or stepper—are used depending upon the application. Of these, DC motors are widely used because controlling a DC motor is somewhat easier than other kinds of motors.
The motion of a DC motor is controlled using a DC drive. DC drive changes the speed and direction of motion of the motor. Some of the DC drives are just a rectifier with a series resistor that converts standard AC supply into DC and gives it to the motor through a switch and a series resistor to change the speed and direction of rotation of the motor. But many of the DC drives have an inbuilt microcontroller that provides programmable facilities, message display on LCD, precise control and also protection for motors. Using the DC drive you can program the motion of the motor, that is, how it should rotate.
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to design a device that controls, that is, Start, stop and change of direction OR the speed of a dc motor controlled by pushbutton switches and indicated by LED. The heart of this project is ATmega8 (AT89C52) microcontroller. This controller consist of 2 PWM modes
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of a motor speed control is to take a signal representing the demanded speed and drive the motor at that speed and direction.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Speed control of DC motor can achieve using mechanical or electrical techniques but they require large size hardware to implement but Microcontroller based system provides easy way to control the speed of DC motor. Using this PWM method, we can save the power.
1.4 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
- Used in industries to control the speed of motors.
- Used in shopping malls.
- We can use this concept to control the light intensity.
Drawback of this method of dc motor speed control is that they are not able to control the motor speed smoothly at lower levels, and as the desired speed is decreased, the torque of the motor also decreases proportionately. Due to this, at any unpredictable point the motor may just halt very abruptly. Also, during power ON, the motor may just not start up at lower speed settings and may require an initial boost by increasing the setting. Such situations are pretty undesirable and do not constitute an ideal speed control.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
DC motor speed controllers are very useful for controlling the motion of robotic and industrial automation systems. The controller presented here uses the pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique. The PWM wave for speed control is generated using Atmel AT89C52 microcontroller. To control the speed of the DC motor, you need a variable-voltage DC power source. When the DC motor is switched on, it takes certain time to reach the full speed. As soon as the power supply is switched on, the DC motor starts gaining speed and if you switch off the power supply before it reaches the maximum rated speed, it starts to slow down.
In case switching on and switching off are done in quick succession, the motor rotates at a slower speed between zero and full rated speed. This is what a PWM technique based controller does: it switches the motor ‘on’ and ‘off’ with a pulse train. To control the motor speed, it varies (modulates) the width of the pulses—hence the pulse-width modulation. When the motor is ‘on’ for a short period and ‘off’ for a long one, it will rotate slowly. When the motor is ‘on’ for most of the time and ‘off’ only for a short while, it will rotate at higher speed, say, nearly at full (maximum) rated speed. In this work, dc motor:
- Is controlled through microcontroller AT89C51.
- Message displayed on the LCD module.
- Start, stop and change of direction of the motor controlled by pushbutton switches and indicated by LED.
- Changes the running mode of the motor to continuous, reversible or jogging.
- Changes the speed of the motor. Time settings are possible for forward and reverse running of the motor
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of the study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed. Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and implementation of a microcontroller based dc motor control" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and implementation of a microcontroller based dc motor control" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related works on "design and implementation of a microcontroller based dc motor control" were reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and implementation of a microcontroller based dc motor control" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and implementation of a microcontroller based dc motor control" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and implementation of a microcontroller based dc motor control" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and implementation of a microcontroller based dc motor control" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of "design and implementation of a microcontroller based dc motor control" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and implementation of a microcontroller based dc motor control" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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