This project work is on the design and construction of a 60A automatic changeover for 3-phase power supply. It provides a means of switching from one phase of AC mains to another in the case of failure in the existing phase; This project has been improved on the existing types of electromechanical device that has being in use over the years.
Hence this has been achieved by the use of operational amplifier, timing circuit and high current relay switches and it is powered by 12V dc power supply.
The aim of this work is to design and construct an Auto changeover introduces an automatic solution to overcome power fluctuation/phase interruption by selecting next most healthy available phase to feed the equipment without any notice of power outage.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRCT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF CHANGEOVER
2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AN AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER
2.3 REVIEW OF ELECTRICAL PHASES
2.4 REVIEW OF THREE-PHASE ELECTRIC POWER
2.5 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
2.5.1 THE RECTIFYING UNIT
2.5.2 THE SMOOTHING UNIT
2.5.3 THE REGULATOR AND REGULATED
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.5 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.3 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATIONOBSERVATIONS
4.6 DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED ON THE SYSTEM
4.7 PICTURE OF THE SYSTEM AFTER CONSTRUCTION
4.7 COST OF PRODUCTION
CHAPTER FIVE
- SUMAMRY
- CONCLUSIONS/SUGGESTIONS
5.3 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
In Nigeria today the problems of power outage across phases is so rampant thus leading to some sensitive equipment and appliances being redundant, this could sometimes be the cause of one phase going out with respect to the other.
It may surprise one to note that in an attempt to solve this problems, so many unskilled electricity consumers has in recent past resorted to some crude means of swapping between phases to obtain power. So many souls have been lost in this act. This is an undesirable condition to consumers and the need now arises to design a device that can automatically select among the phases and make power supply available at the consumer’s terminal.
However, this can only be possible if one have a three phase met or and there is supply from any of the service line or the entire line, this project known as a three phase automatic phase selector has been constructed with a view of solving the problems stated above. The design and construction was based on the principle of Electro magneto-Dynamism and alignment as demonstrated in the contactor arrangement.
Among other components are the timers miniature-circuit breakers the contactors and indicator bulbs, the ease with which the device is operated is well elaborated to ensure simplicity effort were made to present a stop by step operation of the project. As much as there is no project without limitation and applications, we have as well dedicated a section of this paper to look into it.
In order to ease the effort of technicians in restoring the devices should there be any malfunction associated.
Faults and how they are cleared is presented, however, there are no user serviceable parts in the device therefore all maintenance should be referred to a qualified electrical personnel.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to design a device that will overcome power fluctuation phase interruption by selecting next most healthy available phase to feed the equipment. This device is capable of handling load up to 60A and the switching device (relays) are rated 60A.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
Industries require three phases power to run their machinery. Some of them require continuous \ uninterrupted power to maintain their data. Auto phase selector unit for those equipment whose supply is single phase. The single phase supply is selected automatically from three phases supply.
Auto changeover introduces an automatic solution to overcome power fluctuation \ phase interruption by selecting next most healthy available phase to feed the equipment.
1.4 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
In every home, office or industries, automatic changeover plays a vital role, that is, It provides a means of switching from one phase of AC mains to another in the case of failure in the existing phase; This project has been improved on the existing types of electromechanical device that has being in use over the years.
In the course of designing this project, different kinds of problem was notice such as:
- Difficulty in troubleshooting with circuit without the circuit diagram
- Difficulty in connecting the output without the three phases short-circuiting, until a multiplexing circuit was gotten.
- Difficult in wiring because of the strong wiring the project required..
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This work covers only a three phase automatic changeover which can only be used for providing a means of switching from one phase of AC mains to another in the case of failure in the existing phase.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHANGEOVER: Generally, a changeover switch is a system which could be operated manually or automatically , that changes one source of power supply to another source in case of power failure from either of the two sources.
RELAY: relay is one of the major components used in this work which is an electrical device, typically incorporating an electromagnet, which is activated by a current or signal in one circuit to open or close another circuit.
POWER FLUCTUATIONS: is a periodic dip or spikes in the electrical current of any given circuit.
POWER FAILURE: is a short- or long-term loss of the electric power to an area.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- It requires maintenance because they involve less complex components, particularly in terms of testing maintenance and replacement part.
- The cost of designing the device is higher the parts are higher than that of the manual changeover.
- Changeover switches have been known to respond to false signals when the switching device becomes faulty, this scenario that could waste generator power, albeit in small amounts.
- Operating voltages: 220V-240
- 60A is the maximium load it can handle.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this works is on the introduction to changeover switch. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of changeover switch were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of changeover switch. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
RELATED TOPICS/MATERIAL
1]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH (ATS)
3]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A PHASE FAILURE CONTROLLER FOR THREE PHASE EQUIPMENT
4]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PHASE SEQUENCE INDICATOR
5]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A PHASE SEQUENCE CHECKER FOR THREE PHASE SUPPLY
6]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATIC 3-PHASE SELECTOR
7]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC PHASE SELECTOR FOR 3-PHASE POWER SUPPLY
8]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCH WITH GENERATOR TRIP-OFF DEVICE
9]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SINGLE PHASE AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCH WITH PHASE SELECTOR
10]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER FOR 3-PHASE POWER SUPPLY
11]. CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC CHANGE OVER WITH GENERATOR TRIP OFF (USING A REMOTE CONTROL)
12]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 60A THREE PHASE AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCH
13]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC CHANGE OVER SWITCH (3.7KVA)
14]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCH USING CONTACTOR
15]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCH WITH PHASE MONITORING DEVICE
17]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCH
18]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SINGLE PHASE AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCH
19]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 3.5KVA AUTOMATIC INVERTER CHANGEOVER
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