DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A PHASE FAILURE DETECTOR AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR THREE PHASE POWER SUPPLY
Electrical power system engineering comprises power generation, transmission, distribution, and the utilization of electricity. Modern trends in the development of electric power systems explore means of improving efficiency in these stages mentioned. On the demand side, the protection of consumer equipment and appliances from damage and total destruction due to phase failures is an issue of paramount importance mainly in parts of the world with unsteady supply of electricity. In this work we took a detailed look into what a phase failure is and the possible causes. Then we finally explain the details of a method we have developed that detects cases of phase failure and takes the appropriate measure that will save the consumer loads from damages.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
- Introduction
- Background of the project
- objective of the project
- significance of the project
- scope of the project
- Application of the project
- limitation of the project
CHAPTER TWO
- Review of Related Literatures
- Contactors
- Auxiliary Timer
- Circuit Breaker
- Indicator Lights
CHAPTER THREE
- Basic Principles
- Principles of Operation
- Circuit diagram
CHAPTER FOUR
- Research Design and Construction
- Project Construction
- Mounting of Components
- Packaging
- Precaution
CHAPTER FIVE
- Associated Fault and Remedies
- Conclusion
- Reference
INTRODUCTION
After the generation and distribution of electricity, if it is not well managed by the final consumer,there could be losses and serious problems to the loads and user alike. With the recent increase in the use of power in our homes and industries, there is the need to adequately protect our homes, industries and every other appliance that make use of electricity. Thus a phase failure detector is overly important both for the improvement of the quality of service from the power utility companies and the protection of life and properties of the electricity consumers.
The concept of Phase Failure
This is a situation where any of the three phases in a power system fails. This could result from a fuse blowing up or an interruption in the power line. Phase failure could be caused by any of the following:
a.Unbalanced voltage
b.Single phasing or phase loss
c.Overloads
d.Power outage (short cycling, over cycling)
e.Overvoltage
f.Under-voltage
g.Phase reversal (incorrect phase sequence)
The phase failure detector under consideration in this work is an electro-mechanical device used in power system engineering to protect a load from damage due to a failure in any of the phases supplying power to the load. It automatically cuts off the load from the supply if one of the individual phase conductors becomes faulty.
A phase failure detector is particularly important component in many assembly plants using the mains power supply. In such assemblies, the total loss of power in a phase of the mains supply or a significant reduction in its value due to uneven load conditions will cause serious problems.
Examples of other systems requiring phase failure detectors include power supplies for three-phase motors, transformers, and rectifiers. A more prominent example is the rectifier solutions in which a semi-controlled thyristor bridge is used. It is important that even short network breaks are detected to ensure that control of the bridge does not continue in diode mode once mains voltage has been restored. This is because intermediate circuit voltage can occur during an outage, resulting in fuses blowing when the power supply voltage is restored, and leading to a break in the operation of a process. Phase failure detector can thus be used in many different industrial applications, in ships,and in a national power supply network. They prevent damage to load if one of the individual phases is interrupted...READ MORE
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