A battery charger is an electrical device employed for charging batteries. These batteries that are usually charged by battery changer are the storage battery chargers are the storage batteries also known as “accumulator” the battery changer changes. The alternating current forms the power line into d.c suitable for charging.
When the battery is fully changed, is up to it’s maximum, 12 volt, the charger with automatically stop changing with the help of the contact relay, the transistor and the zener diode when bend the current back to the system.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRCT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF BATTERY CHARGER
2.2 REVIEW OF BATTERY CHARGER
2.3 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF BATTERY CHARGERS
2.4 REVIEW OF SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIER (SCR)
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.5 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.3 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.5 COST OF PRODUCTION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
A battery charger is an electrical device employed in charging batteries that are usually charged by battery charges are the storage batteries also known as “accumulators”.
The charger is made up of various electrical and electronics component which for the purpose of clanty are group into your basic unit they are:
The power supply units
The smoothing circuits
The regulating unit and
Regulated D.C charging units
A Battery charger comes in various designs and voltage. The choice of a particular and of charger that depends largely int eh size of battery or battery or batteries which on mterds to charge the mini battery changer could be used to charge batteries whose voltage ranges from 6 – 12 volts. The bigger battery changes are for batteries with voltage ranging from 12 – 48 volts. These are the heavy duty batteries.
The battery charge is built in such a way that it delivers a constant value of d.c current into the battery it is charging in the opposite direction from which current flows on the batteries during discharge one cannot successfully design a battery charge with out a fundamental understanding of the accumulator because it also makes up the operation.
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The objective of the project is to design a device that will recharge 12v lead acid battery when discharged. The device has the ability to indicate charging process, low battery and fully charge levels through LED indicators.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device charges 12v acid battery mainly, however, if the output voltages are adjusted can be used to charge battery of lower or higher voltages.
Apart from charging batteries, this device can also be used as a battery level monitor due to the battery level feature it contains.
1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Battery charger is used in the following devices for the purpose of recharging device batteries:
- It is used in inverter
- It is used in cellphone
- It is used in Solar energy system
- It is used in vehicles
- It is used in an uninterruptible power supply(UPS), etc.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The only problem with this device is that it takes longer time to recharge car battery because of the low current output, and it is design only for a 12 battery.
1.6 ADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATIC CHARGER
Features of this automatic battery charger made it more advantageous than other types and they are as below:
- Automatic battery charger has an indicator to indicate when the battery is fully charged
- Built in Indications for showing Full, Empty Levels of any type of battery
- It has a manually operated switch that is used to ON and OFF the entire system.
- It composes of in-built active components which stop charging process when the battery is fully charged.
- It consumed less current but generate high current to the load.
1.7 BATTERY CHARGE
A battery charger is an electrical device employed in charging batteries that are usually charged by battery charges are the storage batteries also known as “accumulators”.
The charger is made up of various electrical and electronics component which for the purpose of charging are group into your basic unit, they are:
The power supply units
The smoothing circuits
The regulating unit and
Regulated D.C charging units
A Battery charger comes in various designs and voltage. The choice of a particular and of charger that depends largely in Ah size of battery or batteries which charge the mini battery changer could be used to charge batteries whose voltage ranges from 6 – 12 volts. The bigger battery changes are for batteries with voltage ranging from 12 – 48 volts. These are the heavy duty batteries.
The battery charge is built in such a way that it delivers a constant value of d.c current into the battery it is charging in the opposite direction from which current flows on the batteries during discharge one cannot successfully design a battery charge with out a fundamental understanding of the accumulator because it also makes up the operation.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a 12v automatic battery charger. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of a 12v automatic battery charger were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a 12v automatic battery charger. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
RELATED WORK
1]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 12 VOLTS AUTHOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER
3]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 12 VOLTS CAR BATTERY CHARGER
4]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 12 VOLTS AUTOMATIC CAR BATTERY CHARGER WITH FULL VOLTAGE CUTOUT
5]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 6V and 12 VOLTS AUTHOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER
6]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 6V BATTERY CHARGER
7]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 6V CELL PHONE BATTERY CHARGER
8]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLAR BATTERY CHARGER USING 15V/130W SOLAR PANEL
9]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLAR CELL PHONE CHARGER
10]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLAR CELL PHONE CHARGER WITH BATTERY BACKUP
11]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER
12]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 12 VOLTS AUTHOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER USING SCR
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