This project is titled design and construction of a 6 and 12V automatic battery charger. A 6 and 12volts Automatic battery charger is a dual acid battery charger that is designed to charge 6v and as well 12v battery.
This automatic charger is basically a DC power supply source. Here a transformer is used to step down the AC mains input voltage to the required level as per the rating of the transformer. And the selection of voltage is done using single pole double throw switch whenever there is need for that. That is, whenever there is a 6v battery to be charged, the switch would be sued the select the required voltage from the charger and vice-versa.
This transformer is always a high power type and is able to produce a high current output as required by most lead-acid batteries.
A bridge rectifier configuration is used to rectify the low voltage AC into DC and is further smoothed by a high value electrolytic capacitor.
This DC is fed to an electronic circuit which regulates the voltage into a constant level and is applied to the battery under charge, where the energy is stored through an internal process of chemical reaction.
In automatic battery chargers a voltage sensor circuit is incorporated to sense the voltage of the battery under charge. The charger is automatically switched OFF when the battery voltage reaches the required optimum level.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRCT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF BATTERY CHARGER
2.2 REVIEW OF BATTERY CHARGER
2.3 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF BATTERY CHARGERS
2.4 REVIEW OF SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIER (SCR)
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.5 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.3 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.5 COST OF PRODUCTION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Battery charger is an electronics device used in charging and recharging batteries when a battery is used up by the instrument connected to it. This electronics device has the ability to stop charging when the battery is fully charged and starts charging when the battery voltage drops below the set point
The 6 and 12-volt battery charger uses household current to put an electric charge into a discharged battery. The charger's circuits convert 240-volt household alternating current (AC) to the 6 and 12-volt direct current (DC) that the battery needs.
This charger will charge any 6V and 12V lead acid battery including flooded, gel and AGM. It is fully automatic and will charge at a rate up to about 4A until the battery voltage reaches a preset point at which it will switch to a very low current float charge. If the battery voltage drops again the charger will begin charging until the voltage once again reaches the cut off point. In this way it can be left connected to a battery indefinitely to maintain full charge without causing damage. An LED indicates when the battery is fully charged.
A 6V and 12-volt battery charger is roughly the size of a car battery. It has a thick cable ending in two heavy-duty copper alligator clips, a black clip for the battery's negative terminal and a red one for positive. The charger has an on-off switch and a meter to indicate charging power.
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objective of this course is to design and construct a dual 6V and 12V automatic battery charger that can charge batteries of 6V and as well as 12V.
1.2 ADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER
The main advantages of this battery charger over other chargers is the ability of the charger to indicate battery charging levels and also the ability to stop charging when the battery is fully charged and resume charging when the battery level drops below the set level.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COURSE
Features of automatic battery charger are as below:
- Automatic battery charger has an indicator to indicate when the battery is fully charged
- Built in Indications for showing Full, Empty Levels of any type of battery
- It has two manually operated switch that is used to ON and OFF the entire system, that is the first switch and the second switch that is used to select the charging voltage, either from 6V to 12V or from 12V to 6V..
- It composes of in-built active components which stop charging process when the battery is fully charged.
- It consumed less current but generate high current to the load.
1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Battery charger is used in the following devices for the purpose of recharging device batteries:
It is used in inverter
It is used in cellphone
It is used in Solar energy system
It is used in vehicles
It is used in an uninterruptible power supply(UPS), etc.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The only problem with this device is that it takes longer time to recharge car battery because of the low current output, and it is design only for a 12 battery.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
A battery charger is an electrical device employed in charging batteries that are usually charged by battery charges are the storage batteries also known as “accumulators”.
The charger is made up of various electrical and electronics component which for the purpose of charging are group into your basic unit, they are:
The power supply units
The smoothing circuits
The regulating unit and
Regulated D.C charging units
A Battery charger comes in various designs and voltage. The choice of a particular and of charger that depends largely in Ah size of battery or batteries which charge the mini battery changer could be used to charge batteries whose voltage ranges from 6 – 12 volts. The bigger battery changes are for batteries with voltage ranging from 12 – 48 volts. These are the heavy duty batteries.
The battery charge is built in such a way that it delivers a constant value of d.c current into the battery it is charging in the opposite direction from which current flows on the batteries during discharge one cannot successfully design a battery charge with out a fundamental understanding of the accumulator because it also makes up the operation.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a 6 and 12V automatic battery charger. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of a 6 and 12V automatic battery charger were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a 6 and 12V automatic battery charger. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
RELATED WORK
1]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 12 VOLTS AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER
3]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 12 VOLTS CAR BATTERY CHARGER
4]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 12 VOLTS AUTOMATIC CAR BATTERY CHARGER WITH FULL VOLTAGE CUTOUT
5]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 6V and 12 VOLTS AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER
6]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 6V BATTERY CHARGER
7]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 6V CELL PHONE BATTERY CHARGER
8]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLAR BATTERY CHARGER USING 15V/130W SOLAR PANEL
9]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLAR CELL PHONE CHARGER
10]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLAR CELL PHONE CHARGER WITH BATTERY BACKUP
11]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER
12]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 12 VOLTS AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER USING SCR
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