This project is titled design and construction of a 6V cell phone battery charger. A 6V cell phone battery charger is an electronics device used in charging 6v cell phone batteries when used up by the instrument connected to it. This electronics device has the ability to stop charging when the battery is fully charged and starts charging when the battery voltage drops below the set point.
A 6V cell phone battery charger is basically a DC power supply source. Here a transformer is used to step down the AC mains input voltage to the required level as per the rating of the transformer. The transformer output is rectified by BR1 and the positive DC supply is directly connected to the charger’s output contact, while the negative terminal is connected through current limiting resistor R2. D2 works as a power indicator with R1 serving as the current limiter and D3 indicates the charging status.
A bridge rectifier configuration is used to rectify the low voltage AC into DC and is further smoothed by a high value electrolytic capacitor.
This DC is fed to an electronic circuit which regulates the voltage into a constant level and is applied to the battery under charge, where the energy is stored through an internal process of chemical reaction.
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
Cell phone Battery charger is an electronics device used in charging and recharging batteries when used up by the cell phone. This electronics device has the ability to stop charging when the battery is fully charged and starts charging when the battery voltage drops below the set point
The Cell phone Battery charger uses household current to put an electric charge into a discharged battery. The charger's circuits convert 240-volt household alternating current (AC) to the 9-volt direct current (DC) and regulated to 6v that the cell phone battery needs.
This charger will charge any cell phone battery that is rated 6v. It is fully automatic and will charge at a rate up to about 800mA until the battery voltage reaches a preset point at which it will switch to a very low current float charge. If the battery voltage drops again the charger will begin charging until the voltage once again reaches the maximum level and then stop charging. In this way it can be left connected to a battery indefinitely to maintain full charge without causing damage. An LED indicates when the battery is fully charged.
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of this project is to design a charger that will charge any cell phone battery that is rated 6v, that will automatic charge any cell phone at a rate up to about 800mA until the battery voltage reaches a preset point at which it will switch to a very low current float charge
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The main advantages of this cell phone battery charger over other chargers is the ability of the charger to indicate battery charging levels and also the ability to stop charging when the battery is fully charged and resume charging when the battery level drops below the set level.
The battery is the lifeblood of your mobile phone. The designers of mobile phones try hard to minimize and use more efficiently the power that the batteries use, which in turn gives longer service from smaller, lighter cell phone batteries.
There are four basic types of rechargeable battery used in mobile phones. Let us examine the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
Lithium Polymer (Li-Poly) Batteries
Li-Poly are the newest and most advanced technology for cell phone batteries. Ultra-lightweight, they do not suffer from memory effect and will deliver up to 40% more battery capacity than a Nickel Metal Hybrid (NiMH) of the same size.
“Memory effect” happens when rechargeable batteries are not fully discharged between charge cycles; as a result the battery “remembers” the shortened cycle and is thus reduced in capacity.
Not needing a cell casing makes Lithium Polymer cell phone batteries thinner and lighter batteries. However, they are still quite rare.
Lithium Ion (Li-Ion) Batteries
This is the current and most popular technology for cell phone batteries. The only real drawback of Lithium Ion cell phone batteries is that they are expensive. As such, they tend to be supplied with only top-of-the-line phones. Lithium Ion batteries are slightly lighter than NiMH batteries, but they also have a longer lifetime.
A Lithium Ion battery may be damaged by extensive overcharging (continuously on a cell phone charger for more than 24 hours).
Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) Batteries
Nickel Cadmium cell phone batteries are old technology. This is the rechargeable battery that most people are familiar with. NiCd batteries suffer from memory effect, and they must be completely discharged before recharging or else damage can occur. The chemicals used in NiCd batteries are not environmentally friendly, and the disposal of cadmium-rich waste is an increasing problem.
They are the cheapest variety of phone batteries. Their affordablility helps to bring down the overall cost of mobile phones.
Nickel Metal Hydrid (NiMH) Batteries
Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries claim to be superior to NiCd because they don't contain cadmium. The cell phone batteries are made from non-toxic materials and are environmentally friendly. They also deliver a higher capacity in relation to their size and weight.
NiMH cell phone batteries are relatively new technology and are prone to the “memory effect", but only to a very small extent. To maximize performance, it is advised to completely discharge the battery after every 20th recharge.
1.4 APPLICATION OF CELL PHONE BATTERIES
Li-ion batteries provide lightweight, high energy density power sources for a variety of devices. To power larger devices, such as electric cars, connecting many small batteries in a parallel circuit is more effective and more efficient than connecting a single large battery Such devices include:
- Portable devices: these include mobile phones and smartphones, laptops and tablets, digital cameras and camcorders, electronic cigarettes, handheld game consoles and torches (flashlights).
- Power tools: Li-ion batteries are used in tools such as cordless drills, sanders, saws and a variety of garden equipment including whipper-snippers and hedge trimmers.
- Electric vehicles: Because of their light weight Li-ion batteries are used for energy storage for many electric vehicles for everything from electric cars to Pedelecs, from hybrid vehicles to advanced electric wheelchairs, from radio-controlled models and model aircraft to the Mars Curiosity rover.
Li-ion batteries are used in telecommunications applications. Secondary non-aqueous lithium batteries provide reliable backup power to load equipment located in a network environment of a typical telecommunications service provider. Li-ion batteries compliant with specific technical criteria are recommended for deployment in the Outside Plant (OSP) at locations such as Controlled Environmental Vaults (CEVs), Electronic Equipment Enclosures (EEEs), and huts, and in uncontrolled structures such as cabinets. In such applications, li-ion battery users require detailed, battery-specific hazardous material information, plus appropriate fire-fighting procedures, to meet regulatory requirements and to protect employees and surrounding equipment.
RELATED WORK
1]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 12 VOLTS AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER
3]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 12 VOLTS CAR BATTERY CHARGER
4]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 12 VOLTS AUTOMATIC CAR BATTERY CHARGER WITH FULL VOLTAGE CUTOUT
5]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 6V and 12 VOLTS AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER
6]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 6V BATTERY CHARGER
7]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 6V CELL PHONE BATTERY CHARGER
8]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLAR BATTERY CHARGER USING 15V/130W SOLAR PANEL
9]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLAR CELL PHONE CHARGER
10]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLAR CELL PHONE CHARGER WITH BATTERY BACKUP
11]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER
12]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 12 VOLTS AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER USING SCR
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