In workshop, a good dust extraction system is essential. Dust can cause serious damage to health as well as reducing the effectiveness of your machine, or even causing damage to it.
In view of the above, we deemed it necessary that such a machine should be constructed to the Mechanical Engineering workshop to eradicate dust and thereby make the workshop environment clean and fit for students practical activities.
Man’s impact on global environment system especially in the area of dust extraction is now at a scale where it is disrupting.  These dust extractors varies in major ways.
The environmental degration is, in turn contributing to health threat in this part of the globe.  Unfortunately most factories, workshops which suppose to posses these machines for dust extractions a re not having them thereby making dust a very dangerous threat to man. 
Due to this ugly development it, is obvious that these factories and workshops can do little or nothing to protect our environment from this poor state.  It is therefore necessary that all and sundry should join the crusade of eradicating dust from our environment thereby making it clean.  Although before now people have tried to contribute their own quota in seeing to the end of the menace, get lack of interest, finance has posed a hindrance to the realization of this achievement.

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.1                                                        INTRODUCTION
Professional workshops have known for decades that one of the most important pieces of machinery in the workshop is an adequate extractor. It's only us serious DIYers that seem to question their wisdom. A clean, dust-free workplace is not only safer, but far less work in the long run. There is less cleanup and less airborne dust, which is very important when it comes to the finishing stage. Another important fact is that it is far better for your machinery to have this dust and shavings removed. Other then being forced back around the cutting area and affecting the quality of the work, fine dust particles can be sucked into electrical components, build up on moving parts or pile up in areas underneath your machinery (becoming a fire hazard in the process). Worst of all, these particles can find their way into your lungs. Dust extraction is NOT a replacement for PPE (Personal Protective Equipment,) but if it reduces the dust in your immediate work area, it means your Personal Protective Equipment is going to work much more efficiently too. The sad fact is that running machinery without dust extraction may affect your warranty if something does go wrong.
Most workshops have access to a vacuum cleaner, either a dedicated unit or the better half's household unit (only if you don't get caught)! They're great for cleaning the car and even getting the dust off the floor of the workshop. Isn't it annoying when a little off cut or long splinter gets stuck in the hose? You hear the motor start to struggle and whine and you proceed to wave the end of the hose around in some strange ritual that will hopefully dislodge the offending piece. It really comes down to a simple rule - vacuums are made to vacuum and extractors are made to extract. Vacuum cleaners work on the principal of a low volume of air traveling at high velocity, while extractors work on high volume air, traveling at low velocity. Vacuums are great for lifting small quantities of fine dust from the bottom of your carpet through a small diameter hose. Dust extractors, on the other hand, are designed to cope with the quantity of waste constantly being produced, and the large diameter hose means no blockages (provided you have ENOUGH air volume). Air volume is measured in cubic feet per minute (CFM), and even a small, basic 1HP extractor is going to give you 600+ CFM of air flow. Most cutting/drilling machinery will require at least 600CFM of extraction. Edge planers or jointers need slightly more (depending on size), but large milling machines such as thicknessers will require at least 800-900CFM at the extraction point on the machine. This is an important consideration before taking the plunge.

1.2                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to design and fabricate a device that is used to extract dust from a work piece.

1.3                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
For ages, professional workshops have been aware of the fact that among the most significant equipment in a workshop is a reliable extractor. It is safer and reduces work in the long-run when the workplace is clean and dust-free. The finishing stage also requires less airborne dust. Shavings and dust should also be removed from your machine. Fine dust particles can compile around the cutting edge or on moving parts, be sucked into electrical appliances or build up below the machine, affecting the work quality and increasing the risk of fire. Worst still the dust can enter your lungs. If your dust extractor minimizes the amount of dust at your place of work it translates to more efficient working of the PPE (Personal Protective Equipment). However it is not replacement of PPE, it just makes the PPE's work more efficient. The manual should, if you read it, tell you that, if anything goes wrong with machine due to use without extracting the dust, your warranty is affected.

1.4                                          ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

Removing dust at source creates a healthier and safer working environment, with the additional benefit of reduced clean-up. It extends equipment life by minimizing the ingress of dust, which would otherwise accelerate wear on switches, motors and mechanical components. In many instances, it also extends the working life of the cutting blades and disks. Dust control is an inherent feature on most of our Surface Preparation offerings including the power tools and angle grinder attachments we provide for working in restricted areas. Click on product images or highlighted links below for more detail on the many solutions we offer. Good dust extraction extends the life of your tools by reducing motor heat resulting in dust-induced tool failure.

• Removal efficiency (can be controlled in 30mg/nm3 below).
• Whole device resistance (low 800pa above).
• Operation and maintenance costs low.
• Easy maintenance (in the case of non- stop complete maintenance work).

1.5             DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VACUUM CLEANER AND EXTRACTOR
Most workshops have a vacuum cleaner which is good for cleaning the workshop floor or the car. However, the vacuum cleaner can never operate as an extractor. The difference between a vacuum cleaner and an extractor is very evident. The working principle of a vacuum is of a small air volume at a high velocity while that of extractors is a large air volume with a low velocity. Vacuum cleaners are meant to lift small particles, thus the small diameter of the hose whereas the extractor is designed for large quantities of waste, hence the big hose to reduce clogging. The wide hose also ensures large air volume at least 600 cubic feet per minute which is the relative amount of extraction needed by most drilling or cutting machines. Larger machines like thicknesses will however require, at the extraction point, at least 800-900CFM.
Most wood-working equipment usually have extraction connection of large diameter of about 100-200mm (4"-5") and your extractor should properly match this dimensions. It is important to properly position your dust collector for it to work efficiently. 10-20% of suction volume is lost for every metre of the flexible hose run and even more is lost for every bend. This waste is due to the disruption of air flow by the ridges in the hose. Rigid metal pipes with engineered bends and smooth finish can run on high capacity extractors and are very efficient. They also enable running of many machines at once. The suction loss is barely 2% but they are very expensive. It is good to keep the extraction system of your home simple and straight and never forget that the bigger the CFM, the better.