AN EXAMINATION OF PARENTS AND TEACHERS PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE USE OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IREPODUN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
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TITLE PAGE
AN EXAMINATION OF PARENTS AND TEACHERS PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE USE OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IREPODUN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "an examination of parents and teachers perception and attitude towards the use of corporal punishment in secondary schools in irepodun local government area" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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The research work was set out to find out the Examination of parents and Teacher’s perception and attitude toward the use of corporal punishment in Secondary School in Irepodun LGEA.
Data were collected from two hundred randomly selected students through influence of an examination of parents and teachers perception and attitude towards the use of corporal punishment in secondary schools questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using frequency, counts, percentage and t-test.
The results revealed that there were no significant differences in the influence of corporal punishment in secondary schools in Irepodun Local Government Area however found on the basis of parent and teachers perception and attitude.
Based on the findings, it was recommended that government should stop changing of educational system without reference to the effect on children in schools.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background to the Study 1
1.1 Statement of the Problem 8
1.2 Purpose of the Study 9
1.3 General Questions 10
1.4 Research Questions 10
1.5 Research Hypothesis 11
1.6 Significant of the Study 11
1.7 Scope of the Study 12
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms 13
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 Introduction 15
2.1 Corporal Punishment and Indiscipline 15
2.2 Functions of punishment in the schools 19
2.3 Supporters of Corporal Punishment 21
2.4 Opposes of Corporal Punishment 27
2.5 Appraisal of Literature Reviewed 36
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHOD
3.0 Introduction 38
3.1 Research Design 38
3.2 The Population 39
3.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques 40
3.4 Instrumentation 41
3.5 Validation of the Instrument 42
3.6 Reliability of the Instrument 43
3.7 Administration and Collection of Data 44
3.8 Data Analysis and Techniques 45
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DATA PRESENTATION
4.0 Analysis of Results 47
4.1 Discussion of the findings 62
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0 Summary 66
5.1 Conclusion 67
5.2 Implication of the Study 69
5.3 Recommendations 69
5.4 Suggestion for further Studies 72
References 73
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Parent Frequency Response 47
Table II: Teacher Frequency Responses 49
Table III: Students Frequency Responses 50
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background of the Study
The use of corporal punishment in our schools in Nigeria today has generated a lot of controversy among Nigerians. Before the Advent of formal education in Nigerian, corporal punishment was the means of maintaining discipline.
The family has used the care as a means of correcting the child. Those who introduced formal Education in Nigerian also used corporal punishment. In Quranic schools, Mallam (Teacher) were seen holding a long whip in front of their pupils which could reach almost each pupil. Infact the whip facilitate the concentration of the children (pupils) in learning Quranic schools.
While the Quranic schools were mostly in operation in the Northern part of the country. The missionaries introduced Western Education through the south but also made use of corporal punishment. The uses of the care for discipline children religions institutions were also supported.
The use of corporal punishment nowadays has however generated a lot of arguments among schools such as philosophers, sociologist and psychologists. Such people like J.J. Rousseau; Quintillion to mention but a few. There is no concession on the use of corporal punishment because it has generated a lot of controversy.
One school of thought believes that corporal punishment should be used in schools. They maintained that its abolition would lead to a break down of school discipline and pupils will become lawless. It was because of this that the military government posted soldiers to our schools to maintain discipline through the use of the cane. To make the use of corporal punishment especially the use of cane is a reality.
President Olusegun Obasanjo in 1976 to 1979 witnessed the public fogging of a student in one of the secondary schools in Sokoto during his tour to the state.
Some religion leaders who believed in the use of corporal punishment made reference to use Holy Bible. For example, in the book of Proverb Chapter Thirteen Verse Twenty Four: Stated that he that spared his rod hated his son but he that loveth him chastened”. Also in the same Proverbs Chapter Twenty Nine Verse Fifteen, is written, “the rod and reproof given wisdom but a child left to him bringeth his mother to shame.” What these two verses are saying is that we should beat the child wherever he or she commits an offence. These people believed that corporal punishment is very important in our schools is discipline is to be achieved.
Finally, they concluded that the current vices like Murder, Armed Robbery, and house-breaking Laziness. Sexual immorality, Alcoholic addiction embezzlement and all other ills of our society may likely be traceable principally to indiscipline at home and in the school.
That might be one of the reasons why the Government of General Buhari and Late Tunde Idiagbon launched the Ware Against Indiscipline (WAI) to inculcate the sense of discipline.
On the other side of the argument, some argued that it is not possible to punish and reform simultaneously as punishment is essentially damaging to the offender.
The proponents of this view often refer to school incidents such as physical beating, pulling of ears, knocking of the heads which some times result into permanent physical damages and often lead to teacher–parent student conflicts. For example, a secondary school a student was cared by his teacher in the process the student sustained severe eye injury. The schools of thoughts uphold the view that corporal punishment hardens some student’s heart and makes them notorious in school while some left school entirely.
Some people maintained that some teacher who believe in Education as an end in itself any student who does not share this belief receive the same administered corporal punishment. Some teachers do it as revenge by beating the student next day for not greeting the teacher after school hours.
The abolitionists of corporal punishment felt that students could be brought up morally without necessarily using too of came. Quoting the biblical book of Proverbs, Chapters Twenty-Two Verse Six which says; “train up your child in the way he should grow and when he is old he will not depart from it”. Good training especially from youth is considered a good and effective deterrent of emotional and moral laxity.
Professor Kwaku Adaevoh a one time Vice Chancellor of University of Lagos said that father should try to bring their children to persuasion and create a dialog by talking from experience which is the best Teacher, “charity begins at home”.
The home (parents) should teach their children the will of God. They should teach them what God want from man. His love and punishment that awaits evil doers. In other words the child that has been nurtured on the importance of doing God’s will by obedience to the Ten Commandments will try as an adolescent or adult to mirror the personality of his maker. He is therefore less likely to manifest delinquent and other aberrant patterns of behaviour.
Thus, because of the evil effect of corporal punishment, the old western region banned the use of the cane in schools when the Universal free primary Education was introduced in 1955. However despite its abolition some teachers still use it in some schools. Inspite of the use of corporal punishment in all institutions, acts of indiscipline and lawlessness are still rampant in our schools.
It is necessary to point out that teacher’s opinion on the use of corporal punishment are not the same. Some of their felt that the abolition would increase the moral decadence in Schools. Some believed that the use of cane is part of our tradition and should be freely used if we want discipline to be maintained in our school. On the part of the students corporal punishment and also hate the teachers who indulge in it. Such teachers are targets of attack during student riot.
Because of the different opinions on the issue of corporal punishment, researcher therefore proposes to survey the attitudes of teachers towards the use of corporal punishment and compare, it with those of the students in some selected secondary schools in Irepodun Local Government Area of Kwara State.
1.1 Statement of the Problem
Corporal punishment is regarded as part of our culture. The Yorubas believed that the use of cane is an instrument of discipline and therefore it should be seldomly used. Opinions differ concerning the use of corporal punishment in schools. Some people favour the use, while others rejected or threw it to the wind in our schools.
The problem to be investigated by the researcher is whether the teachers and student have favourably or unfavourably attitudes towards the use of corporal punishment in schools. Moreso, the study will examine some hypothesis with respect to teacher and student attitude on the issue.
1.2 Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of the study is:
1. To find out teacher and parent perception on the use of corporal punishment as a corrective measure.
2. To compare the perception of Teacher’s and parents on the use of corporal punishment in the schools.
3. To investigate the purpose, where and when it is necessary to apply punishment to school children in Nigeria schools.
4. To compare Teachers and parental attitude towards the use of care in schools and at home.
5. To provide necessary information for decision-making to re-introduce corporal punishment in various schools in the state.
1.3 General Questions
1. What are the attitudes of parents towards the use of corporal punishment in schools?
2. What are the necessary actions to apply punishment to school children in Nigeria?
1.4 Research Questions
The following research questions are:
1. Do Teacher and parents’ perception favour the use of corporal punishment as a corrective measure?
2. Is it necessary to apply punishment to school children in Nigeria?
3. What are the attitude of Teachers and parent towards the use of corporal punishment in schools and at home?
4. What are the factors determine the effective of punishment?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
1. There is no significant relationship between teachers and parents perception of the use of corporal punishment.
2. There is no significant relationship between the attitudes of teachers and parents towards the use of corporal punishment in school and at home.
3. There is no significant relationship between factors determine the effectiveness of punishment
1.6 Significant of the Study
This study in significant in the following ways it is hoped that this research will be invaluable use to school counsellors and teachers who have been trained to work with student and being expose to altitudes toward corporal punishment in secondary schools, the study will up date their knowledge in the art of parent and teachers need; more especially in the area of corporal punishment.
Above all, it serves as a reference point to prospective researchers who will find it very useful in the area of literature review, research methods and statistical analysis. It is also believed that education agencies such as the federal and state ministries of education as well as Teaching Science Commission and Educational Management Boards will find this research to be immense value.
Finally, it is pertinent to determine the general attitude of teachers and students towards the use of corporal punishment in schools and to highlights its dejects. Also, it will be useful to educationists, policy makers, planners, administrators and teachers in adopting overwhelmingly accepted techniques of handling discipline problems.
1.7 Delimitation and Scope of the Study
This research covers mainly some selected secondary schools in Irepodun Local Government Area of Kwara State.
- Offa Grammar School
- Olalomi Comprehensive High School
- Adesoye College
- Anglican Commercial College
- Tawakalitu Secondary School
The study also looked at the attitude of teachers and parents towards corporal punishment and their effects on the student academic performance.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
Corporal Punishment: This means the infliction of pains, suffering loss or social disability as a direct consequence of some action or omission on the part of the person punish. It may consist of flogging, physical assault like being made to assume certain painful posture for a considerable period of time. The agent of punishment must be in a position of legitimate authority over the punished.
Indiscipline: This refers to certain acts in school normal setting, misdeed which is knowingly and intentionally committed by student including such acts as stealing, fighting, examination mal-practice, cheating, and flagrant disobedient.
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