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TITLE PAGE

CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC PHASE CHANGER

BY

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EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "construction of automatic phase changer" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
---                                                     . ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

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External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover page
Dedication
Certification
Acknowledgement
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE

1. Introduction
2. Block diagram of an automatic phase changer
3. Component list

CHAPTER TWO-Component description

1. comparator
2. Zener diode p.n junction,electron,avalanche diode,avalanche breakdown}
3. Rectifier
4. Relay
5. Transformer
6. Capacitor
7. Fuse

CHAPTER THREE

1. Comparator/voltage sensor stag.
2. Design calculator
3. Oscillator circuit
4. Flip flop/switching Transistor stage
5. Logic circuit
6. Transistor switching circuit
7. Relay switching circuit
8. Output load terminal
9. Methodology

CHAPTER FOUR

1. Working
2. Performance evaluation
3. Circuit diagram
4. Planning of work
5. Application

CHAPTER FIVE

1. CONCLUSION
2. Recommendation
3. Reference

CHAPTER ONE
Raw power instability in developing countries creates a need for automation of electrical power generation or alternative sources of power to back up the utility supply.
This automation is required as the rate of power outage becomes predominantly high. Most industrial and commercial processes are dependent on power  supply and if it processes of change-over are manual, serious time is not only wasted but also creates devices or machine damages from human error during the change-over connections,which could bring massive losses.The starting of the generator is done by a relay which switches the battery voltage to ignition coil of the generator while the main power relay switches the load to either public supply or generator.Fig 1 shows the generalized block diagram of the system.The approach used in this work  is the moduler  approach where the overall design was first broken into functional block diagrams,where each block in the diagram represents a section of the circuit that carries out a specific function.The functional block diagram fig 1 also shows the interconnection between these blocks.Each section of the block is analyzed below.A manual change-over switch consists of  a manual change over switch box,switch gear box and cut out fuse or the connected fuse as describe by the by rocks and Mazur{1993}.This change-over switch box separate the sources between the generator and public supply when there is power supply outage from public supply,someone has t go and change the line to generator.Thus when power supply is restored,someone has to put off the generator and then change the source line from generator to public supply.    
In view of the above manual change-over switch system that involves man power in starting the generator and switching over from public supply to generator and vice-versa when the supply is restored.
The important attached to cases of operation in hospitals and airport in order to save life from generator as fast as possible makes it important for the design construction of automatic change-over switch which would solve the problem of manpower and the danger likely to been countered changeover.
The electronic control monitors the incoming public supply voltage and detects when the voltage drops below a level that electrical or electronics gadgets can function depending on the utility.

1.1                    AIM OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this work is to build a circuit that provides correct voltage in the same power supply lines through relays from the other phase where correct voltage is available. Using it you can operate all your equipment even when correct voltage is available on a single phase in the building.
1.2                               ADVANTAGES OF THE STUDY

1. More reliable 2)
2.  Less maintenance 3)
3. Low cost

1.3                              APPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY
1) Residential.  
2) Commercial offices.  
3) Factories operating with 1 phase machineries.
4) Hospitals/Banks/Institutions.
 5) It automatically supplies voltage in case of power failure or low voltage in up to 2 of the 3 incoming phases.
6) Automatic Phase Changer automatically cuts supply during low voltage thus, protects equipment from the harmful effects of unhealthily low voltage.

1.4                                       SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Automatic phase changer finds wide application in modem world. During earlier days, if there is a power failure in any one of three phase, we have to manually switch to the available phase. By implementing automatic phase changer it automatically shifts to the phase where correct voltage is available. It can be used in residences, small offices, buildings etc

1.5                                         METHODOLOGY
To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.
3. Test for continuity of components and devices,
4. Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
5. Studying of various component used in circuit.
6. Construction of the circuit was carried out.
7. Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.6                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied,  chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "construction of automatic phase changer" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "construction of automatic phase changer" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "construction of automatic phase changer" was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "construction of automatic phase changer" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "construction of automatic phase changer" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "construction of automatic phase changer" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "construction of automatic phase changer" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "construction of automatic phase changer" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "construction of automatic phase changer" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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