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TITLE PAGE

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A BREAK FAILURE INDICATOR FOR FOUR WHEELS

BY

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EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "design and construction of a break failure indicator for four wheels" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
---                                                     . ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

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External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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This work is on design of a break failure indicator for four wheels which is used to identify the Brake Failure in the Four Wheeler vehicle. All most all the vehicles are facing out the problem so called as brake failure, how to rectify? What to do to prevent this brake failure which results in more number of accidents. To overcome this problem, we find a solution called brake failure indicator in order to rectify the problem. This device provides an indication to a vehicle operator of failure of either the front or rear brakes, which apparatus will automatically reset itself upon correction of the failure.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE

•       INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

• BRAKE FAILURE ANALYSIS
• REVIEW OF BRAKE THEORY
• REVIEW OF HYDRAULIC BRAKES
• REVIEW POSSIBLE CAUSES OF NO BRAKES (BRAKE FAILURE)

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY

• SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
• SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED
• SYSTEM OPERATION
• CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

•             TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS
• INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETED DESIGN
• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
• CASING AND PACKAGING
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
• PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
• PRECAUSIONS

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE
1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION
1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Car safety is the avoidance of automobile accidents or the minimization of harmful effects of accidents, in particular as pertaining to human life and health. Special safety features have been built into cars for years, some for the safety of car's occupants only, and some for the safety of others.
Apparatus for providing an indication to a vehicle operator of failure of either the front or rear brakes, which apparatus will automatically reset itself upon correction of the failure.
The device relates to apparatus for providing an indication to a vehicle operator of failure of one of two sets of brakes.
In automotive vehicles having dual master cylinders for separate hydraulic circuits to front and rear brakes, it is desirable to provide an indication to the vehicle operator of the occurrence of a failure (loss of fluid pressure) of either the front or rear brakes. With past indicating apparatus, while an indication of failure was provided the apparatus required manual resetting to remove the indication after correction of the failure. In some instances a Sudden, rapid application of the brakes could result in an erroneous actuation of the apparatus. With the prior apparatus the erroneous actuation could result in the retention of a false failure indication. In the apparatus of the present invention the failure signal is automatically removed upon correction of the failure or, in the event of erroneous actuation as noted above, at the termination of the transient condition causing the erroneous signal.
It is another object to provide new and improved apparatus of the above noted type and which will automatically reset upon removal of the condition causing its actuation.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT
Break failure in a vehicle is one of the car failures that happens to drivers unaware until when there is a need for applying break arise, and this is the major causes of accident on the highway. This device was invented to solve this problem in that it gives an alarm indication whenever car break fails in other to let the driver to take care of the situation in time.

1.3                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to provide an apparatus for providing an indication to a vehicle operator of failure of either the front or rear brakes, which apparatus will automatically reset itself upon correction of the failure.

1.4                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The advantages of the present invention are as follows:

• This device prevents unnecessary accident. Since this indicates the status of the brake, the user can identify the condition of the brake and thus limiting the chances of malfunction.
• Low Cost Automation Project
• To provide a smooth ride for the motorist.
• To provide mind free rides for the motorist.
• To provide the nation with an accident free road.
  
  
•                                  LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• When the device fails, it can give the user wrong indication 
• Additional Cost is required.
  
  
•                           APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
• This system can be used in both light moving vehicles such as two wheeler as well as in heavy moving vehicles such as buses and trucks etc.
• This system is flexible enough to be used in any type of breaking system such as mechanical, hydraulic, vacuum and air brakes.
• This system can be implemented in institutional vehicles, taxis, driving school vehicles, etc.

1.5                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
When disc brakes are applied, they produce a brake torque almost as soon as hydraulic pressure is developed in the system Whereas drum brakes require a substantial hydraulic pressure in the system before they produce a brake torque. Drum brakes utilize relatively heavy return springs, the force of which must be overcome before the shoes contact the drum while disc brakes use either no return springs or very light return springs. In either case, the disc brakes require only a relatively small pressure at their brake cylinders to cause actuation thereof.
If a vehicle is provided with drum brakes on its rear wheels and disc brakes on its front wheels and no metering valve for the disc brakes is employed, the disc brakes will develop high braking torque during a light brake application. As a result the linings of the disc brake shoes will tend to wear out prematurely.
In a brake system for a vehicle having front and rear brakes and having a front brake system separate from a rear brake system the improvement comprising: failure indicating means for providing a signal in response to failure of either the front or the rear brake system, said indicating means comprising pressure responsive means responsive to the pressure in both the front and rear brake systems and normally being in a first condition in response to the pressures in both systems being approximately normal and being actuable to a second condition in response to the pressure in either system being not normal and remaining in said second condition even after deactuation of the vehicle brake system, signal means for providing said signal in response to said pressure responsive means being actuated to said second condition, and reset means operatively connected with said pressure responsive means for automatically resetting said pressure responsive means from said second condition to said first condition in response to actuation of the vehicle brake system and the pressure in both systems returning to normal.

1.6                          PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective, scope, limitation and problem of the study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and construction of a break failure indicator for four wheels" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and construction of a break failure indicator for four wheels" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and construction of a break failure indicator for four wheels" was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and construction of a break failure indicator for four wheels" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and construction of a break failure indicator for four wheels" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and construction of a break failure indicator for four wheels" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and construction of a break failure indicator for four wheels" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "design and construction of a break failure indicator for four wheels" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and construction of a break failure indicator for four wheels" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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