Abstract
Drying of Seed Grain If grain is destined for use as seed then it must be dried in a manner that preserves the viability of the seed. Seed embryos are killed by temperatures higher than 40-42°C and therefore low temperature drying regimes must be used. Seed grain may be dried in any type of dryer provided that it is operated at a low temperature and preferably with higher air flow rates than generally used. It is essential that batches of grain of different varieties are not mixed in any way and therefore the dryers and associated equipment used must be designed for easy cleaning.
This work focuses of fabrication of a portable and movable grain dryer used for drying grains such as wheat, paddy, maize and sunflower.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In the majority of countries, agriculture represents the biggest part of the economy. 80-90% of the working population is employed in agriculture. Despite these large numbers, national food production still does not meet the needs of the population. The lack of appropriate preservation and storage systems caused considerable losses, thus reducing the food supply significantly. The dent in food production caused by crop-failures as well as significant seasonal fluctuations in availability can be ironed out by food conservation, e.g., by drying. Sun drying of crops is the most widespread method of food preservation in a lot of countries due solar irradiance being very high for the most of the year. There are some drawbacks relating to the traditional method of drying, i.e., spreading the crop in thin layers on mats, trays or paved grounds and exposing the product to the sun and wind. These include poorer quality of food caused by contamination by dust, insect attack, enzymatic reactions and infection by micro-organisms. Also this system is labour and time intensive, as crops have to be covered at night and during bad weather, and the crops continually have to be protected from attack by domestic Animals. Non-uniform and insufficient drying also leads to deterioration of the crop during storage. Serious drying problems occur especially in humid tropical regions where some crops have to be dried during the rainy season. Traditional sun drying of sweet pepper and coffee. In order to ensure continuous food supply to the growing population and to enable the farmers to produce high quality marketable products, efficient and at the same time affordable drying methods are necessary. Studies have shown that even small and most simple oil-fired batch dryers are not applicable for the most farmers, due to lack of capital and insufficient supply of energy for the operation of the dryers.
The high temperature dryers used in industrialized countries are found to be economically viable in developing countries only on large plantations or big commercial establishments. Therefore the introduction of low cost and locally manufactured solar dryers offers a promising alternative to reduce the tremendous post harvest losses. The opportunity to produce high quality marketable products seems to be a chance to improve the economic situation of the farmers. However, taking into account the low income of the rural population in developing countries, the relatively high initial investment for solar dryers still remains a barrier to a wide application.
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
Grain dryers are conveniently using for dry such as wheat, paddy, maize and sunflower. The objective of this work is to design and fabricate a mobile grain dryer.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- Allows for harvesting tough grain and thereby reduces losses from weather and wildlife.
- Extends available harvest period.
- Earlier harvest is possible.
- Drying tough or damp grain can reduce or eliminate spoilage in storage.
- May improve market grade and acceptability of grain.
- May afford alternative market outlets for grain.
- May eliminate necessity of swathing to obtain "dry" grain.
- May improve malting quality by reducing kernel peeling and cracking during combining. However, most maltsers will not knowingly buy grain which has been artificially dried.
- Since artificially dried grain usually contains near maximum allowable water content, the extra weight generates more dollars when sold.
- There are three excellent reasons why a mobile grain drier can be the right investment for you. 1- Take control of harvest A mobile grain drier can quickly force dry crops and have them ready for sale or storage. The operation can be completed independently of weather conditions enabling you to exploit weather markets, extend harvesting hours in the day and make more time for post-harvest field 2- Drying and cleaning adds moregvalue Drying adds value to your crops, a mobile grain drier also delivers excellent crop conditioning.
- Requires extra capital for equipment, energy and operation.
- Requires extra labor and inconvenience of handling unless centralized facilities are available.
- Requires some experience to operate effectively.
- May impair quality of malting barley if not operated properly (low air temperature).
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
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