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TITLE PAGE

DESIGN AND PRODUCTION OF CEILING BOARD USING PLASTER OF PARIS (P.O.P) GYPSUM MATERIAL

BY

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EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material " by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
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Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

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External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0     INTRODUCTION
1.1     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
1.2     AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.3     JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
1.4     SCOPE OF THE STUDY

• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER TWO
2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1     USES OF PLASTER
2.2     HISTORY GYPSUM MATERIAL
2.3     THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS

• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GYPSUM

2.5     CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GYPSUM
2.6     SURVEY ON HEMP CORE FIBER AS USED FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSE
2.7     ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.0   METHODOLOGY
3.1     OBTAINMENT OF THE MATERIALS
3.3     MOULD’S PREPARATION
3.4     PREPARATION OF SEPERATOR
3.5     MIXING OF THE AGGREGATE
3.6     CASTING
3.7     DETACHING OF THE MOULD
3.8     ABSORPTION OF WATER TEST
3.9     FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0     RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1     The plates below shows how the project was carried out 

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0     CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1     CONCLUSION
5.2     RECOMMENDATION 

CHAPTER ONE
1.0     INTRODUCTION
This project deals with the design and production of ceiling board using Plaster of Paris [POP] gypsum materials. Plaster of Paris [POP] is a white powdery mixture of gypsum. It has been named such because the first deposit of gypsum was found is Paris. This powder when mixed with water solidifies, but without losing its volume. During manufacturing process, the gypsum is heated and as such, it does not necessarily require any high heat treatment like ceramics and clays [Worrall 1999]. Because of its property to harden with just water, it is used in a number of areas, but most notably for molding decorative objects.
According to Cornelis and Hurlbut (1985), plaster results from the calcinations of gypsum (CaS04.2H20), which partially dehydrates to produce a hemi-hydrate (CaS04.1/2H2O). Although plaster of paris a widely used today: its origin dated 9,000 years old and were found in Amotolia and Syria. It is also know fact those 5000 years ago, the Egyptians burnt gypsum in open-air fire, then crushed it into powder and finally mixed with water to make jointing material for the blocks of monuments, used model of plaster taken directly from the human body.
Plaster of Paris came about in 17000’s as Paris was already the “capital of plaster” (Plaster of Paris) since all the walls of wooden houses were covered with plaster, as a protection against fire. The king of France had enforced this rule after the bug London fire literally destroyed this city in 1666. Large gypsum deposits near paris have long been mined a manufacture “Plaster of Paris.
Gypsum is a sedimentary rock, which settled though the evaporation of sea water, tapped in lagoons. According to the nature of its impurities, gypsum can show various colours, ranging from white to brown, yellow, gray and pink.
In order to produce high-quality plaster of paris, great effort needed to be put in clearing and classifying gypsum in order to prepare it for plaster. The chemical reaction is:
(CaS04.2H2O) + Heat = (CaS04.1/2H2O) + 1.5H2O
Deer et al. (1992) describe plaster of paris is a calcium sulfate hem-hydrate. (CaS04.1/2H2O) derived from gypsum. It is obtained by firing this mineral at relatively low temperature and then reducing it to powder. The hem-hydrate is also known as stucco or plaster of paris- probably so named because of the very large deposit of pure gypsum found beneath paris. When water is added to the stucco, the material rehydrates to give a solid mass of gypsum. This rehydration is accompanied by an increase in temperature and a slight expansion of the plaster, causing the gypsum to perfectly fill a mould.
Most of the plaster, produced is used in the production of Gib board and fibrous plaster, with about 80% being used for Gib alone. This is because plaster is of great importance to the building industry as a fire retardant. When slowly release 200g of water in the form of steam. This water acts as a heat barrier, ensuing that the temperature behind the plaster board does not rise appreciably above the boiling point of water and thus preventing the fire from crossing over the board.
As there is growing building construction activities and advancement in technology, POP gypsum board are used in Houses and offices and indeed all type of building where people congregate such as schools, halls, churches, Mosques, etc.
Plaster of Paris ceiling board provides more aesthetic outlook, offer adequate resistance to heat and sufficient resistance to fire

1.1     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Recent studies indicate that asbestos ceiling is hazardous material from the health point of view. A particular type of lung cancer called mesothelioma, is caused by asbestos regular lung cancer may be a sign of asbestos poisoning as well.
Therefore, there is need for alternative ceiling material which is durable, reliable and affordable.

1.2     AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
          The aim of this project is to design and produce ceiling board using plaster of paris (POP) gypsum materials.
The objectives of the study is highlighted below:

• To produce durable light weight building material for ceiling
• To determine the strength of the ceiling board
• To determine its durability.
• To determine the volume and density of the ceiling board.

1.3     JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
The use of plaster of paris [POP] gypsum ceiling board for ceiling finishing should be adopted and improved because the problems associated with asbestos, which have been used as ceiling finishes for years but with the use of plaster of paris [POP] gypsum material as ceiling finishes which offers sufficient sound insulation and considerable absorption of heart from the roof and hence provide employment opportunity to the producer.

1.4     SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope and limitation of this project is basically the design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris [POP] gypsum material. In the project , the density of the sample will be determined and the flexural test will be carried out to determine the strength of the sample made up of composite quantity of POP plaster, water and fibre [know as villas] when subjected to loading.

 

• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The following methods will be adopted to carry out the project;

• Procurement of the materials (POP Plaster Fibre, Water and Moulds)
• Mixing of the aggregates.
• Preparation of moulds
• Application of Separator (A mixture of soap and groundnut oils) for easy removal of casted specimen from the mould
• Casting
• Demoulding
• Laboratory tests
• Calculations and analysis of results.
• Conclusion and Recommendation

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CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material " is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material " consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material " was reviewed.

CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material " is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material " consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material " is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material " consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material " is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "design and production of ceiling board using plaster of paris (p.o.p) gypsum material " consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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