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TITLE PAGE

DEVELOPMENT OF PYROLYSIS PROCESS IN A MODIFIED ENVIRONMENT

BY

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EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "development of pyrolysis process in a modified environment" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

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Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

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External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENT

• INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2     RATIONES OF PROJECT
1.3     AIM AND OBJECTIVE
1.3.1  OBJECTIVES AIM
1.3.3   AIM

CHAPTER TWO
2.0       LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1     WORKING OF WASTE TYPE PYROLYSIS PLANT
2.2     PYROLYSIS PRODUCT
2.3     NATURE OF THE PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS
2.4     CHARACTERISTICS AND USES OF PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS.
2.4.1  GAS
2.4.2  LIQUID
2.4.3  SOLID
2.4.3.1 UTILIZATION OF THE RESIDUE AS STRENGHENING
2.5       VALORIZATION OF THE PYROLYSIS PRODUCT

CHAPTER THREE
3.0     TIRE
3.1     TIRE RECYCLING
3.2     TIRE LIFE CYCLE
3.3     LANDFILL DISPOSAL
3.4     USES OF TIRE
3.5   TIRE PYROLYSIS
3.6     METHOD OF RECYCLING OF USED TIRES
3.6.1  RETREADING METHOD
3.6.2  MECHANICAL METHOD
3.6.3  RECLAIMING RAW MATERIALS METHOD

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.0       THEMED OF ESTIMATING TREND
3.1       LEAST SQUARE METHOD
3.2       MOVING AVERAGE METHOD
3.3       SEMI-MOVING AVERAGE METHOD
3.4       FREE HAND METHOD
3.5       ESTIMATION OF SEASONAL VARIATION
3.6       SIMPLE AVERAGE METHOD
3.7       PERCENTAGE TREND METHOD
3.8       RATIO TO MOVING AVERAGE
3.9       FORECASTING
3.9.0   SHORT TERM FORECASTING
3.9.1   INTERMEDIATE FORECASTING    
3.9.2.  LONG TERM FORECASTING
3.9.4   GENERALIZED TEST OF HYPOTHESIS

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0     MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.1    MATERIALS AND ENERGY BALANCES
4.2     REACTOR DESIGN
4.2.1  EFFECTS OF MASS TRANFER
4.2.2  EFFECT OF HEAT TRANSFER
4.2.3  DESIGN BASIS
4.2.4  DESIGN PARAMETERS
4.3     MECHANICAL DESIGNS
4.3.1  MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
4.3.2  DESIGN PRESSURE
4.3.3  DESIGN TEMPERATURE
4.3.4   DESIGN LOADS
4.3.5      SUPPORTS 
4.4    DESIGN SUMMARY
4.5     CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION

CHAPTER FIVE                          
5.0    CONCLUSION
5.1     ADVANTAGES OF PYROLYSIS PLANT
5.2     BENEFIT OF PYROLYSIS PLANT
5.3     GENERAL CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.3.1  GENERAL CONCLUSION
5.3.2  RECOMMENDATION

CHAPTER ONE
1.0    INTRODUCTION
The pyrolysis organic high grade waste appeared like a more and more attractive way of solve the proliferation of these waste, especially during 1970-75 years.
Pyrolysis is the transformation of chemical compounds by heat without intervention of secondary reagents, (like oxygen). The chemical reactions are complex and transformed the waste into there fractions: solid, liquid, and cias
The pyrolysis method for recycling used tyros is a techniques, which heats whole or shredded rubber 13 softened after which the rubber polymers continuously breakdown into smaller molecules, these small molecules eventually vaporize and exit from the reactor. These vapors can be burned directly to produce power or condensed into an only type liquid, general used as fuel. Some molecules are too small to condense and they remain as solid. When performed well a tyre pyrolysis process is a very clean operation and  has nearly no emission or waste. The properties of the gas, liquid and output are determined the type of feed stock used and the process conditions. For instance, whole types contain fibred and street. Slurred tyros have most of the steel and sometimes most of the fiber removed. The steel can be removed from the solid stream with magnets from recycling. The remaining solid materials often referred to as “charcoal”
Pyrolysis can be performed at relatively small scale and at remove locations which enhance energy density of the biomass resource and reduce transport and handling costs. Heat transfer is a critical area in pyrolysis as the pyrolysis process is endothermic and sufficient heat transfer surface has to be provided to meet process heat needs. Pyrolysis offer a flexible and attractive way of converting solid biomass into on easily stored and transported liquid, which can be successfully used for the production of heat, power and chemicals.

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of a condensed substance by heating in the absence of oxygen, and it is most commonly used for organic materials, called biomasses it occurs at various high temperatures for different kinds of biomasses. In shorts terms, pyrolysis used organic material and makes it into usable energy by heating at high temperature without oxygen.
Pyrolysis of biomasses results in blowhard and bio-oil. These are both usable energy sources they can be used as safe, environmental friendly fuel option. Pyrolysis also provides opportunity for the process of agriculture residence, wood waste and municipal solid waste into clean energy pyrolysis is often used in the chemical industry. It is used for example, to provide charcoal and activated carbon to turn waste into safety disposable substance, and to produce gasoline from hydrocarbon biomass.

1.3    AIM AND OBJECTIVE
1.3.1  OBJECTIVES AIM
The main objective of this project is to reduce the level of stress to the sole sanitary landfill of Nigeria which has a diminishing life time and also to reduce the amount of non-biodegradable waste ending in the natural environment untreated.
-        Development of pyrolysis process in a modified environment able to enhance thermal degradation of biomass (steam pyrolysis)
-        Development of a hybrid multifunctional catalyst that would produce deoxygenated liquid product.

1.4.2 Aim
The specific aims of the project are:
-        To reduce hazards related to the increased disposal of type waste.
-        To convert waste tyros into useful products in an environmental friendly manner.
-        To produce fuel oil, carbon black, steel and gas (which is re-used in the process).

Reference
Pingali, Kalgan c; Rock straw,  David A; Deng, Shuguang (2005). “Silver Nan particles from ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of Aqueous silver nitrate.”
GD Rai, Non convectional Energy sources, units energy from biomass.
Journal of Hazardous material 2006 vol. 137No 2. PP1065-1073
Lehmann, Johannes. “Bifocal; the newfrotier” Archived from the original on 2008-06-18. Retrieved 2008-07-10
Gundau, peter (2007-10-27)” fact sheet peter’s patch” Gar dining Australian. Australian Broad casting Corporation Retrieved 2008-07-10.

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CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "development of pyrolysis process in a modified environment" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "development of pyrolysis process in a modified environment" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.

CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "development of pyrolysis process in a modified environment" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "development of pyrolysis process in a modified environment" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work

CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "development of pyrolysis process in a modified environment" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "development of pyrolysis process in a modified environment" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.

 

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