EFFECT OF SODIUM SULPHATE ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF LATERITE SOIL
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TITLE PAGE
EFFECT OF SODIUM SULPHATE ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF LATERITE SOIL
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "effect of sodium sulphate on engineering properties of laterite soil" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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Laterite is one of the major materials used in highway pavement construction. Its properties are affected by some environmental factors which may make it unsuitable for highway pavement construction. This research was aimed at investigated the effect of sodium sulphate ( NaSO4) on engineering properties of lateritic soil in highway construction.
Laterite soil sample was collected from a burrow pit and it was overdried for about 24hours. The sample was divided in four portions after being properly mixed in laboratory. The first portion was not contaminated with any salt, it serve as a control sample(sample A) while the remaining three portions were contamination with 20kg, 30kg and 40kg of NaSO4 and were labeled D,E, and F respectively. The sample were allowed to stand for 7days before they were subjected to the following laboratory test: particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, Bristish standard compaction and califonia bearing Ratio (CBR) tests.
The result showed that the effect of sodium sulphate solution has strong influence on the engineering properties of the laterite soil when compared with the control soil sample.
The influence caused reduction in the strength of the soil and there by rending it Unsuitable for Civil Engineering construction.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Declaration ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vi
Table Contents vi-viii
List of Tables ix-x
List of Figures ix
1.0 Introduction 1-2
1.1 Statement of the Problem 2
1.2 Aim and objective of the Study 2
1.3 Justification 3
1.4 Scope of the Study 3
1.5 Methodology 3-4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 5-6
2.1 Origin of Laterites 6
2.1.1 Definition of Laterite 7
2.1.2 Formation of Laterite 7-8
2.1.3 Profiles of Lateritic Soils 8
2.1.4 Improvement of Lateritic Soils 9-10
2.2 Engineering Properities of sLateritic Soils 10
2.2.1 Particle-Size Distribution of Lateritic Soil 10-11
2.2.2 Plasticity Characteristics of Lateritic Soil 11
2.2.3 Compaction Characteristics of Lateritic Soil 12
2.2.4 Shear Strength Characteristics of Lateritic soils 12-13
2.3 General uses of Laterites 13-14
2.4 Sodium(II) Tetraoxosuphate (VI) Salt 14
2.4.1 Preparation and Occurrence of NaSO4 15
2.4.2 Chemical Properties of Sodium(II)Tetraxosulphate (VI) Salt 15-16
2.4.3 Uses of Sodium(II)Tetraxosulphate(VI) Salt 16
2.4.4 Toxicological Effect of Sodium(II) tetraxosulphate (VI) salt 16
2.5 Stabilisation 17
2.5.1 Objectives of Stabilization 17
2.5.2 Method of Stabilisation 17-18
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Methodology 19
3.1 Procurement of materials 19
3.2 Collection of Samples 19
3.3 Experimental Investigation 19
3.3.1 Particle Size Distribution 19-20
3.3.2 Atterberg’s Limit Test 20-22
3.3.3 Compaction Test 22-23
3.3.4 Califonia Bearing Ratio 23-24
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result Analysis and Discussion 25
4.1 Particle Size Distribution 25-27
4.2 Atterberg Limit Test 28-32
4.3 Compaction Test 33-37
4.4 Califonia Bearing 37-41
4.5 Comparison of Result 42
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion 43
5.1 Recommendation 44
References 45-46
APPENDICES A-E 47-51
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: Result of particle size Distribution 25
Table 4.2.1: Atterberg Table for Sample A 28
Table 4.2.2 Atterberg Table for Sample B 30
Table 4.2.3 Atterberg Table for Sample C 31
Table 4.2.4 Atterberg Table for Sample D 32
Table 4.3.1: Compaction Table for Sample A 33
Table 4.3.2 Compaction Table for Sample B 34
Table 4.3.3: Compaction Table for Sample C 35
Table 4.3.4: Compaction Table for Sample D 36
Table 4.4.1: CBR Table for Sample A 37
Table 4.4.2: CBR Table for Sample B 38
Table 4.4.3: CBR Table for Sample C 39
Table 4.4.4: CBR Table for Sample D 40
Table 4.5: Comparison of Result 42
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 4.1: Grain Size Distribution Curve 26
Fig 4.2.1: Plastic Limit Graph for Sample A 28
Fig 4.2.2: Plastic Limit Graph for Sample B 30
Fig 4.2.3: Plastic Limit Graph for Sample C 31
Fig 4.2.4: Plastic Limit Graph for Sample D 32
Fig 4.3.1: Compaction Graph for Sample A 33
Fig 4.3.2: Compaction Graph for Sample B 34
Fig 4.3.3: Compaction Graph for Sample C 35
Fig 4.3.4: Compaction Graph for Sample D 36
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CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "effect of sodium sulphate on engineering properties of laterite soil" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "effect of sodium sulphate on engineering properties of laterite soil" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "effect of sodium sulphate on engineering properties of laterite soil" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "effect of sodium sulphate on engineering properties of laterite soil" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "effect of sodium sulphate on engineering properties of laterite soil" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "effect of sodium sulphate on engineering properties of laterite soil" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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