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TITLE PAGE
FINANCIAL CONTROL IN PUBLIC SECTOR AS A MEASURE FOR PREVENTING FRAUD AND FUND MISUSE
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "financial control in public sector as a measure for preventing fraud and fund misuse" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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Financial control has been a major exercise in the public sector over the years and more attention needs to paid to it on account of increasing government revenue and expenditure. This increasing revenue and expenditure must be controlled to ensure efficient and effective use of public fund entrusted in a set of people in government. strong control on the financial of public sector get the government towards the realization of its set goals and objective on an organization can achieve its set goals without conspicuous set back which need to be reduced to the barest minimum or eliminated completely.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of contents v
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Statement of the Research problem 3
1.3 Objective of the study 5
1.4 Significant of the study 6
1.5 Research Question 6
1.6 Scope of the study 7
1.7 Limitation of the study 8
1.8 Study plan 8
1.9 Definition of key terms 9
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 The public Sector 13
2.3 Frauds and fund misuse 13
2.4 Accountancy and Financial report 18
2.5 The internal control system 19
2.6 Internal and External audit 22
2.7 Taxation System in Nigeria 25
2.8 Types of Frauds 27
2.9 Detection and Prevention of Frauds 29
Reference 32
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Historical background of the study 33
3.2 Method of data collection 34
3.3 Population and sample size 36
3.4 Sampling Techniques 37
3.5 Method of Data Analysis 37
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS OF PRESENTATION OF DATA
4.1 Introduction 38
4.2 Data Collection 38
4.3 Data Analysis 39
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary 51
5.2 Conclusion 55
5.3 Recommendation 56
Bibliography 59
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Financial control has been a major exercise in the public sector over the years and more attention needs to paid to it on account of increasing government revenue and expenditure. This increasing revenue and expenditure must be controlled to ensure efficient and effective use of public fund entrusted in a set of people in government. strong control on the financial of public sector get the government towards the realization of its set goals and objective on an organization can achieve its set goals without conspicuous set back which need to be reduced to the barest minimum or eliminated completely.
The basic set back paramount in public sector today is that of frauds and misuse of public funds in government treasury. The set up of Nigerian and other developing countries of the world today is characterized with embezzlement, corruption and gross indiscipline and it’s the concern of every government of developing countries and even developed countries to institute sound financial control strategy to save their respective economy from imminent collapse. Employees and non-employees of government department engage in fraudulent practices whilst it cannot strictly speaking be said to be an ordinarily expected human behaviour. The prevalence of it even in the socialist societies would make one to conclude or state that its not an “un-human behaviour” the occurrence of frauds and misuse of funds is worrying because the loss of money invoice does not ordinarily belay to an individual. In every bad cases where frauds occur with crippling frequency and in wholesales size, public sector has often failed in the provision of service which it ought to have provided effectively and efficiently and to its economic activities has failed woefully.
Frequent occurrence of frauds and fund misuse ultimately, distract the attention of various public sector management and the formulation of more effective and efficient financial control devices are instituted in various public ministries and departments to ensure effective prevention of frauds and misuse of public funds. These controls are exercised both within and outside each ministry.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE STUDY
In Nigerian today, it’s a fact that accountability in all its ramification has been unfamiliar to out public sector. This pathetic situation is assumed to be the cumulative effect of various problems confronting “financial control”. In Nigeria Public sector establishment. As a result, this research is being conducted to highlight the problem of frauds and misuses of funds in public sector and the need and significant importance of financial control system in the public sector.
Some of the major problems inhibiting financial control in public sector are as follows: Poor enforcement, procedures, late finalization of accounts, poor enforcement of laid down procedures or financial control, insufficient financial regulations and poor internal control system in various departments.
There is poor number of qualified accountants and professional in other management field to institute sound financial control system and this may be attributed to poor condition of services obtained in the public sector compared with that of private sectors. It is important to note, there is inadequate attention to revenue collection and expenditures resulting in under utilization, incremental budgetary system which encourage accounting officers and other privilege employees to misuse funds and perpetrate funds. There is also the problem of daily up-rise of financial requirements without constant review of a control procedures and existence of antiquated accounting and financial rules procedures development in accounting technology and government spending. The misuse of poor remuneration to public servant compared with other sector encourage inefficiency and fraudulent practices in public sector and poor services to the populace in turn encourage the third parties to perpetrate frauds in public sector.
There factors are problems inhibiting the effective application of both internal and external financial control system in public sector.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of the study are as follows:
- To confirm the existence of financial control system in public sector.
- To explain the role of internal control system
- Detection and prevention of errors, frauds and misuse of public fund are indicated.
- To explain the effect of tax office at improving tax collection procedures.
- The relevance of auditing for effective control in public sector is explained.
- To discuss the importance of auditing in the tax office.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study has much relevance and implication to the case study, all government ministries and parastatals, private sectors and Nigerian economy as a whole. the terrible affect of funds and misuse of public fund in government treasury leads to a basic set back paramount in public sector today. The set up of Nigeria and other developing countries of the world today is characterized with embezzlement, corruption and gross indiscipline and it’s the concern of every government of developing countries and even develop, countries to institute sound financial control strategy to save their respective economy from imminent collapse. This therefore call for a study in this area.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. Does financial control has been a major exercise in the public sector
2. Does fraud involves the use of decent and trick and some terms highly intelligent cunning.
3. Does adjustment for debtors and creditor are made at the end of the year in order to correct expenses or revenue into account in private sector.
4. Does public sector provide information necessary for faithful efficient, effective and economical management of a operation of and the entrusted to it.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study has been majorly carried in Ilorin areas office of federal Inland Revenue Service. The system of financial control of the organization as a whole follows the same pattern with other areas and zonal offices. Reasonable exposures have been made of external and internal control devices applicable in the area office or efficient operation and other relevant financial control system operative in the organization as a whole as far as possible.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Many problems were encountered during the course of this research work but in which I tried my best in order for the problems not to hinder the effectiveness of this research work.
1. FINANCIAL PROBLEMS: But in which I have to sources for more fund from my sponsors.
2. TIME CONSTRAINTS: In which I rescheduled my program so as to give enough time for the research work.
1.8 PLAN OF THE STUDY
This study is plan into five chapter, chapter one will consist of introduction and chapter two will cover there view of selected literature, research methodology in chapter three and analysis will be presented in chapter four, the last chapter which is chapter five will contain summary, conclusion and recommendation.
1.9 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
THE PUBLIC SECTOR: could be described as the government arm of a country. The three tiers of government in relation to Nigeria includes the federal government, the state government and the local government each tier of government lies its own role, power, responsibility, as described by the constitution and relevant decree.
FUND MISUSE: This is the most susceptible factor which fraudster usually rely upon when for instance, a figure is not properly written, it can easily be manipulated by fraudsters.
INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM: The meaning attached to the term “internal control” American institute of certified public accountants is a follows. It is the whole system of controls financial and otherwise adopted within a business to safeguard its assets.
INTERNAL AUDIT: means an independent appraised function established within an organization to examine and evaluate its activities as a services to the organization.
AUDITING: can be defined as an independent examination of the expression of an opinion on the financial statement of an enterprise by an appointed auditor in accordance with the term of his engagement in the compliance with relevant obligations and profession requirement.
EXTERNAL AUDIT: is an independent observation. The function of and external auditor is to examine the financial statement prepared by the management with a view to express opinion on the truth and fairness of the accounts.
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