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TITLE PAGE
FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS AS A MEASURE OF PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY IN BANKING SECTOR
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "financial statement analysis as a measure of performance and efficiency in banking sector" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment iv
Table of Content v
Proposal vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction to the study. 1
1.1 Statement of Problems. 2
1.2 Research question 3
1.3 Objectives of the Study 3
1.4 Research Hypothesis (Ho, Hi) 4
1.5 Significance/ Justification of the study 4
1.6 Scope and limitation of the study 4
1.7 Definitions of key Terms 5
1.8 Plan & organization of the study 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 7
2.1 Historical background of the study 8
2.2 Nature of the Financial Statement Analysis 10
2.3 The principle Tools of Analysis 11
2.4 Nature and purpose of financial Ratio 12
2.5 Users of financial Statement Analysis 13
2.6 Shareholders investment Ratios 20
2.7 Debt and Gearing Ratios 22
2.8 Strengths of financial Ratio 23
2.9 Weakness of Ratio Analysis 24
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research methodology 27
3.1 Research Design 28
3.2 Data Collection Method 28
3.3 Validity of Ratio Analysis 29
3.4 Reliability of a Data 29
3.5 Method of Data Analysis 30
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data analysis Presentation 31
4.1 Data Presentation 31
4.2 Data Analysis 32
4.3 Findings 34
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary Conclusion and Recommendations 36
5.1. Summary 36
5.2. Conclusion 37
5.3. Recommendations 38
References 39
PROPOSAL
SECTION ONE
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
The strengthen of any organization can be properly assessed only from it financial position as reflected in the accounting data.
The important of corporate financial reporting view of development in the money market and changing capital market cannot be emphasized.
Accounting information gives to the situation of a business enterprises as well as its profitability. They also review the provides of there insurance have been effectively utilized. The use of information provides virtually of modern society.
- Statement Of Problem
- Ratio of the case study does not have meaning exempt is compared with same standard.
- The interpretation of ratio rendered invalided as a result of orange in the value of money.
- Research Question
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
- Respect hypothesis (ITOH.)
- Significance / Justification Of The Study
- Scope And Limitations Of The Study
- Definition Of Key Terns
KEY TERMS
Stability: it means that tonality or state of being steady and not changing or in disturbed.
Conflict: this is a situation in within people group or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument.
SECTION TWO
LITERATURE PREVIEW
The accouter on the sector is and organization is rotten placed primary on the preparation of general purpose financial statement of external uses reburial in the company act much less emphasis in place on providing information for management to help in decision making process but financial accounted often take precedence over management account.
Basically financial ratios are use for two purposes.
- For assessing the performance of a particular company over a period of tine.
- For comparing the performance of a particular company over a period of time.
SECTION THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Financial statement analysis: A tool for performance execution used secondary date for the analysis of financial statement. This is due to the facet that the resources of date is the bank financial statement published and posted to bank. The population of the study comprises all commercial bank in Nigeria (21 as at January, 2013).
Research methodology therefore refers to design of necessary instrument by the researcher in order to gather the relevant information required for accomplished the research work.
SECTION FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION.
The main ain of this chapter is to analyze interprets the present date convection from financial statement I.e. Annual report and account of the case study (porst bank Nigeria plc) in a more understandable form, for the researchers. I this report the chapter is divided in to three namely;
- Data presentation
- Data analysis
- Data interpretation
SECTION FIVE
SUMMARY
The research work has attempted to highlight the importance of financial statement analysis, using financial ratio to asses management efficiency and performance as a whole, not forgetting its important to outsider of share holder e.t.c. the basic type of financial ratio have been used to analysis and interpret the financial of first bank of Nigeria plc for the purpose of this research study.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion the study is able to come up with some reasonable as well as educative price. The combination of the techniques for financial statement analysis brought about the hidden features of financial statement by mere looking at financial statement does not give an investors or enough information.
RECOMMENDATION
Recommendation as refer the management efficiency and performance are presented as suggested by the analysis carried out from the analysis done, the company first bank of Nigeria plc, lacked adequate marketing capital.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
The strength of any organization can be properly assessed only from it financial position as reflected in the accounting data.
The important of corporate financial reporting view of development in the money market and charging capital market cannot be emphazed.
Accounting information gives to the summary of the economic performance and the situation of a business enterprises as well as its profitability. They also review the provides of there resources have been effectively utilized. The use of the information provide virtually of modern society.
Decision taken on the basis of such information affect the live of million of people all over the world with ever increasing number of user whose interest are becoming more and moe diverse, the need for proper understanding of such financial statement can not be over emphasis. In order to arrive at a right conclusion, it is imperative that he account regard a time and fear review.
Corporate reporting service as an effective main of communicating financial and other data by companies shareholders prospective investor, government authority and general public. Annual report and accounts are therefore analyze the information contained in the financial statement. The income statement and the balance sheet can be of great benefit to the some of the users when properly analyzed.
One of the most important functions of financial accounting is to report information to external parties, the set of people who do no take part in the day to day management of the business such as eh creditor, shareholders, investors, banker are individual and organization that. Finance the firms operation.
Each of these parties had an interest in analyzing and interpreting one or more broad areas of business, especially its financial soundness and stability the efficiency of its management as well as future prospect for an investors.
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
1. Ratio of the case study does not have meaning except is compared with same standard.
2. The interpretation of ratio rendered in valid as a result of change in the value of money.
3. The difference in definition of terms in the balance sheet and income statement make the interpretation of ratio different
4. The ratio calculate at a point in time are less informative and effective as they suffer short term changes.
5. The wide range of the bank operation have made it difficult to develop a meaningful set of industry average for comparism.
1.2 RESEARCH QUESTION
i. Does ratio analysis have an effect on the performance of banks?
ii. What are the significant roles of financial statement and balance sheet of the case study?
iii. How does the bank control the risk of illiquidity?
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
Financial statement analysis provides a method fore assessing the financial strength and weakness of an enterprises using information found in its financial statement.
The annual report and account, the objective of this analysis is to gain and understand the firm’s current financial condition as well as its nature prospects which in tern can serve as the basis for decision making in the same height of the above objective of financial statement analysis of the objective research work with second folds is:
1. To determine the efficiency of the management of first bank plc.
2. To accomplish this objective financial ratio that measure efficiency of an enterprises such as gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on total asset and net asset and other necessary ratio would be identified calculate for period of one year.
3. To analyze the role of first banks of Nigeria of the proffered sector of the economy such as industry and agriculture
4. To appraise first bank contribution to the economic development
5. To analyze some of the problems confronting the first bank of Nigeria in the case of carrying out their services.
6. To make recommendation based on the finding of the study.
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS (HO, HI)
Ho: Does financial statement analysis have a negative impact on performance efficiently in banking industry.
Hi: Financial statement analysis has an impact on performance efficiency in the banking industry.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE/JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
The significance of the study is to show the clear understanding of financial statement analysis, because of recount studies have emphasized the need to widen the area of responsibility of financial statement to take into cognizance the numerous users group and their drivers interest.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
1. Time constraint; there has been a restriction concerning time allowed for the research work.
2. Lack of finance: There has been a weak financial capability faced by the researcher while conducting the research work.
3. Insufficient data: The researcher could not afford to obtained some essential material in the course of research work.
4. Incoperative attitude and in accurate information given by the respondent is another challenges faced by the researcher.
1.7 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
Efficiency: The quality of doing well with no waste of time or money.
Sector: These a part of area of activity especially of a country economy.
Emphasized: To give extra force to a word or phrases when you are speaking especially to show that it is important.
Investor: This can refer to as a person or an organization that invest money in business.
Performance: This is the act of performing a play convert of some other form of entertainment or the act or process of performing a task and action.
STABILITY: It means that quality or state ob being steady and not changing or being disturbed in any way
CONFLICT: This is a situation in which people groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument.
INFORMATION: This can be defined as a fact or detail written on documents that are sent from one person to another, that form a special language.
ANALYSIS: This can be defined as a detail study in order to understand more about it.
COGNIZANCE: This a knowledge or understanding the important of the case study.
1.8 PLAN AND ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
The research work has been divided into five chapters for case of presentation of the fact and figure gather. Chapter one contain the introduction, statement of problem, research question, objective of the study, research hypothesis (Ho, Hi) significance/justification of the study scope and limitation of the study, definition of the key term and plan and organization of the study chapter two treat literature review which include various definition and historical background of the First Bank of Nigeria Plc. Nature of the financial statement analysis the principle tool of financial ratio, nature and purpose of financial ratios, users of financial statement analysis, classification of financial ratios and profit before taxation.
Chapter three present research methodology, research design. Data collection method, validity of ratio analysis, viability of a data and method of data analysis.
Chapter four discuss data analysis and presentation, data interpretation and test hypothesis financially.
Chapter five throw light on summary of finding, conclusion, recommendation and reference.
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