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TITLE PAGE

INFLUENCE OF GENDER AND ENVIRONMENT ON STUDENTS’ VOCATIONAL CHOICE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ILORIN  

BY

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EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---

DECEMBER,2018

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APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work, "influence of gender and environment on students’ vocational choice in secondary schools in ilorin" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.

By
---                                                     . ---
Supervisor                                                  Head of Department.
Signature……………….                           Signature……………….        

……………………………….
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External Invigilator

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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.

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The study investigated the influence Gender and Environment on students’ vocational choice in Secondary School in Ilorin.
Data were collected from two hundred randomly selected students through Influence Gender and Environment on Students Vocational Choice Questionnaire (FGAEOSVCQ). Data collected were analysed using frequency counts, percentage and t-test.
The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the factors influence vocational choice of male and female, and students from graduate and non-graduate parents. However, significant differences were observed on the basis of religions and school size.
Based on the outcome of this findings it is recommended that parents should be adequately educated to allow their children to choose vocational career in accordance with their ability aptitudes and interest.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE                                                             I
CERTIFICATION                                                       II
DEDICATION                                                           III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT                                            IV
ABSTRACT                                                               VI
TABLE OF CONTENTS                                             VII
LIST OF TABLES                                                      X

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1   Background to the Study                                                 1
1.2   Statement of the Problem                                                3
1.3   Purpose of the Study                                                       4
1.4   Research Questions                                                         5
1.5   Research Hypotheses                                               6
1.6   Significance of the Study                                         7
1.7   Scope and Delimitation of the Study                               7
1.8   Operational Definition of Term                                8

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1   Career theories as applied to Nigeria                        9
2.2   Factors influencing vocational choice                      19
2.3   The need for career guidance                                   24
2.4   Steps in introducing a career guidance programme
in schools                                                                27
2.5   Steps in career decision making process                         29
2.6   Appraisal of the review of the related literature                30

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD  
3.1   Research Design                                                      32
3.2   Population of the Study                                           33
3.3   Sample and Sampling Techniques                                   33
3.4   Research Instrument                                               33
3.5   Validation of the Instrument                                    34
3.6   Reliability of the Instrument                                    34
3.7   Method for Data Collection                                      35
3.8   Procedure for Data Analysis                                     35

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSION  
4.1   Introduction                                                             36
4.2   Presentation of the Result                                        36
4.3   Hypothesis Testing                                                  38
4.4   Discussion of the findings                                       42

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1   Summary                                                                         45
5.2   Conclusion                                                              46
5.3   Recommendations                                                   47
Reference                                                                         48
Appendix                                                                         50

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1:    Distribution of Respondents by sex         36
Table 2:    Distribution of Respondents by Religions        37
Table 3:    Distribution of Respondents by Parental        
Education                                                37
Table 4:    Distribution of Respondents by School
Size                                                          38
Table 5:    Results of t-test Analysis Comparing
Respondents Responses by sex                       39
Table 6:    Results of t-test Comparing Respondents
Responses by Religion                             40
Table 7:    Results of t-test Analysis Comparing
Respondents Responses by Educational
of parents                                                41   
Table 8:    Results of t-test Analysis Comparing
Respondents Responses by School Size. 42

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1   Background to the study
People are blessed with abilities, personality, traits and other characteristics, Almost every individual at one point in time or another in his/her life makes a decision on the choice of life career. In democratic societies, man has freedom of choice relative to the kinds of word that are available.
It is important to note that choice and decision relating to career occur not only at the point of entry but throughout the life of the individual. The decision of life more importantly career decision or choice can be contorted at various stages of life.
This perhaps has reinforces that belief of Denga (1983) that the choice of a vocation is one of the most important and at the same time, most difficult decision in an individuals, life He opined further that work plays an important role in a person’s total life. This is because the individual social income. Life style, choice of friends and mental and physical well-being are all influence by the type of work/career he/she does.
In Nigeria, an increasingly complex and uncertain job market adds to the difficulty of career decision making. It is therefore the recognition of the prevailing situation that the vocational guidance and career counseling are being advocated for the school system of the country is also required to spell out in clear terms, the system in the country’s development plan at all levels of education and all tiers of government in line with dictates of such plans, there is always the needs to produce relevant manpower and vocational by the country educational curriculum. This is with a view to developing a realistic and effective weapons for the accomplishment of natural growth and development.
The critical nature of issues relating education and vocation is born not of the complex natural of education self education should be elaborated and should be geared towards making the individual realties of his environment.
In Nigeria, the seemingly complex system of education has brought with it a deliberate attempt to identify the occupation they could be appropriately elected for further training based on their infest and performance. This leaves the students with problem of choice of career among many vocations. These problems could be reduced with a good understanding of the factors that affects students choice of vocations and occupations as their career in the future.

1.2   Statement of the Problem
Many secondary school students face the problem of vocational choice. According to Adegbite (2003). Some of them just offered subjects without even knowing their relevance to future aspiration. He also explained that gender and environment of learning have great influence on children career choice. This is particularly because of cultural importance of the two variables in vocational choice. Some were forced by parents to choose without consideration to other relevant interest. This may create problem in later years. This is considered a problem which needs consideration. Thus, the study investigated Influence Gender and Environment on Students Vocational Choice in Ilorin  LGA Kwara State.

1.3   Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study is to investigate factor affecting the vocational choice of secondary school students in Ilorin . It is also to findout if:
1.     There is any difference in the influence of gender and environment on the vocational choice of male and female secondary school students in Ilorin.
2.     There is any difference in the influence of gender and environment on the vocational choice of Christian and Muslim secondary school students in Ilorin.
3.     There is any difference in the influence of gender and environment on the vocational choice of students from graduate and non-graduate parents; and 
4.     There is any difference in the influence of gender and environment on the vocational choice of students from small and big schools in Ilorin.

1.4   Research Questions
The following questions guided the study
1.     The gender and environment influence the vocational choice of secondary school students in Ilorin?
2.     Is there any difference in the influence of gender and environment on the vocational choice of male and female secondary school students in Ilorin?
3.     Is there any difference in the influence of gender and environment on the vocational choice of Christian and Muslim secondary school students in Ilorin?
4.     Is there any difference in the influence of gender and environment on the vocational choice of students from graduate and non-graduate parents in Ilorin?
5.     Is there any difference in the influence of gender and environment on the vocational choice of student from small and big schools in Ilorin?

1.5   Research Hypotheses
The following hypotheses were tested in the study.
1.     There is no significant difference in the influence of gender and environment on the vocational choice of male and female secondary school students in Ilorin.
2.     There is no significant difference in the influence of gender and environment on the vocational choice of Christian and Muslim secondary school students in Ilorin.
3.     There is no significant difference in the influence of gender and environment on the vocational choice of students from graduate and non-graduate parents in Ilorin.
4.     There is no significant difference in the influence of gender and environment on the vocational choice of student’ from small and big schools in Ilorin.

1.6   Significance of the Study
The study is expected to be useful to students, parents and society at large by providing information regarding the importance of gender and environment on the students in school. The outcome could provides useful information on how to guide students in the choice of career with attention of the influence of the variables on and how to overcome obstacles with less ease.

1.7   Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This study investigated the influence of gender and environment on vocational choice among secondary school students in Ilorin. The study encompasses factors on gender issues and environment. It is limited to the 200 randomly selected respondents across sex, religions, parental education ad school size.

1.8 Definition of Terms
Gender: The fact of being male or female
Career: This refers to the totality of experiences of an individual which typically includes some combination of vocational and a vocational involvement.
Career Choice: This refer to the psychological preference or desire the individual has regarding the work status.
Environment:  Surrounding in which learning take place.

1.9                                                       Project Organisation
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied,  chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.

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