ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE IN FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATION
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TITLE PAGE
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE IN FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATION
BY
---
EE/H2013/01430
DEPARTMENT OF ----
SCHOOL OF ---
INSTITUTE OF ---
DECEMBER,2018
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that the research work, "organizational structure in formal and informal organization" by ---, Reg. No. EE/H2007/01430 submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a Higher National Diploma on --- has been approved.
By
--- . ---
Supervisor Head of Department.
Signature………………. Signature……………….
……………………………….
---
External Invigilator
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my --- for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor --- for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my --- and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor mr. --- for his kindness in supervising this project.
My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. ---, and Dr. ---. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of --- among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. --- and the ---. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister ---, my lovely friends mercy ---, ---, --- and many others who were quite helpful.
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Organisations have a formal structure which is the way that the organisation is organised by those with responsibility for managing the organisation. They create the formal structures that enable the organisation to meet its stated objectives. Often these formal structures will be set out on paper in the form of organisational charts. However, in the course of time an informal structure develops in most organisations which is based on the reality of day-today interactions between the members of the organisation. This informal structure may be different from that which is set out on paper. Informal structures develop because: • people find new ways of doing things which they find easier and save them time • patterns of interaction are shaped by friendship groups and other relationships • people forget what the formal structures are • it is easier to work with informal structures. Sometimes the informal structure may conflict with the formal one. Where this is the case the organisation may become less efficient at meeting its stated objectives. However, in some cases the informal structure may prove to be more efficient at meeting organisational objectives because the formal structure was badly set out. Managers need to learn to work with both formal and informal structures. A flexible manager will realise that elements of the informal structure can be formalised i.e. by adapting the formal structure to incorporate improvements which result from the day-today working of the informal structure. All of the organisations that appear in the Times 100 will have some form of formal structure which is usually set out in organisation charts. However, these organisations also benefit from informal structures based on friendship groups. When managers nurture these informal groups and mould them into the formal structure this can lead to high levels of motivation for the staff involved. When the managers are carrying on organising process then as a result of organising process an organisational structure is created to achieve systematic working and efficient utilization of resources. This type of structure is known as formal organisational structure.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page
Approval page i
Dedication ii
Acknowledgement iii-iv
Abstract v-vi
Table of content vi-viii
CHAPTER ONE:
- Background of the study 1-2
- Historical Background 2-4
- Statement of the Problem 4-5
- Research Question 5-6
- Objective of the Study 6-7
- Scope of the Study 8
- Limitation and Delimitation 8-9
- Definition of Terms 9-10
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 School of thought on organization structures 11-16
2.2 Types of organizational structure 16-19
2.3 Element of organizational structure 19-22
2.4 Development in organization theory 22-25
2.5 Formal and informal organization 25-31
CHAPTER THREE
Research Design and Methodology
- Source of Data 32
- Method of Data Collection 33-34
- Population and Sample Size 34-35
- Sampling Method 35-36
- Research Instruction 36
- Validity and Research Instrument 36
- Method of Data Analysis 37
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Data Presentation and Interpretation 38-48
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary Conclusion and Recommendation 49
5.1 Summary of Findings 49
5.2 Conclusion 50
5.3 Recommendation 50-51
Bibliography 52
Sample Questionnaire 53
Questionnaire 54-56
CHAPTER ONE
- BACKGROUD FO THE STUDY
For every research work to be done in a certain field there must be an existing problem. The research view the research as a problem solution process of finding solution be a prevailing problem.
To organize is to arrange the parts so that the whole works as a system or integrated body an organization is usually planned by management in line with the basic activities of the business the principal aims of an organization includes to ensure that every employee is responsible to one person only. That responsibility given to authority. Best use of specialization and individual ability and minimum level of management an organization is defined by devise and filly (1977) as the group of individuals who are cooperating under the direction of an executive or leader for primary purpose of accomplishing certain common objectives.
Formal organization can be seen as a direct opposite of informal organization it is a planed pattern of behaviour designed to achieve an objective.
Formal organization come in to being when people are willing to act to communicate and finally share a purpose.
Informal organization could be defined as any point personal activity without joint purpose informal organization development in order to meet a variety of individual need which is not met informal organization in emergencies, for instance, an informal communication network maker factor decisions possible.
- HISTORICLA BACKGORUND OF CASE STUDY
Adbury Nigeria plc was in corporate on the 9th January, 1965 and engages in food processing business Cadbury has been a leading company in confectionary, foods whose quality brands and projects are enjoyed all over the nation as well as I export market around the world.
A subsidiary of the company Cadbury schlepped group
of united kingdom provides the company with chemical agreement approved by national office technology acquiring and promotion and promotion (N.O. TAT) Cadbury schlepped hold 40% of the issued share capital of the company while the balance is held by the Nigeria public. The registered company of Cadbury Nigeria plc is at lateen japanned road abiding Ikeja, Lagos while it registered and transfer office at united securities limited, Nigeria house (5th floor) 1-5 Odulami street, Lagos lad bury Nigeria plc is principally engaged in the manufacturing and sales of a wide variety of branded fast moving consumer goods mostly to the Nigeria market, but nursing for other market as well each product is carefully designed offer maximum value and enduring benefit and utility for the uses. The care business of the company is in three stream namely food confectionary and food drinks a range of in termed late product, notably sorghum extract, glucose syrup and tomato past are manufactured in dedicated facilities located in Lagos and Job. As earlier said that operation of the company is streamlined into three deal business units. Each of these unit is headed by a business unit. Manager thus, enable the appropriate degree of the in efficiency, quality and service delivery
The key brand in each category includes:
- Food work season, tom papa, chaff, pepper soup cube and Dadawa.
- COMFECTION TOMTOM, but ferment ear mettas week trabor mints jourestol poprange and back.
- food drinks Bourn vita, pronto, chocolate these rand collectively hold a dominant market share in their category.
1.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM.
There are many problems confronting and structures of an organization these have been drawn and presented by the researcher with a view to discuss and apply the to know its resultant change such an organization.
Most organization charts are drawn to emphasize the vertical hierarchy, a clear picture of this type of organization shown that all activities are fully centralized from the top level of management this continues to create problem, most especially of the objective to the organization is to money profit not to serve the public for any producing company to succeed it should be capable of deriving way of eliminating delays in production so as to maintain its target.
Some organizations face the problem of winding up and undergrowth due to its illegal nature some companies are limited to certain jobs and merchanolising. We may find out that these companies, if legally operated will expand were of its communication with the outside client and in turn maximize roe profit
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS.
1. What are the ways to provide efficient working system?
2. How do you provide system of communication
3. Had there been ease of clerk of duties among the organization personals?
4. That are way in which responsibilities are shared
5. Among the personnel? How do you provide satisfaction to individual members of organization.
1.5 OBECTIVES OF THE STUDY
It is very essential to have study of this nature to enhance an even development of an organization since we can see that an organization exists to produce goods and services to satisfy customers.
With the growth in size of modern business, there is need to establish the framework around which the principles of management can be operated. Other wise there will be Chas and inefficiencies.
The following are the reasons for organization structure.
- One of the importance of this project is to made it to e of value to the research but also to those at present is to make it to be of value to the research but also to these at present practicing personnel. Management as well as those that are fully involved in the organization under standing.
- To re- organize and develop what desirable information a missing from the case and treat it.
- To understand the nature and important of the central concept and the field of production and other related organization and the services they rendered to the public.
- To clearly identify and suggest on problems arising from inefficiencies and bad organizational structure in an organization it is related to how power and authority are delegated in the organization. The case study limited to catbird Nigeria.
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study covers relevant aspects of the types and importance or organizational structure in an organization it is related to how power and authority are delegated in the organization. The case study is limited to Cadbury Nigeria plc.
- LIMITATION AND DELIMITATION
The scope of this research work is organization structure in formal and informal organization using cabling Nigeria. Plc. As a case study in which the research was limited to a number of revering factor in dynamic and ever changing environment which are discussed and follows.
The researcher therefore decide to Cadbury Nigeria Plc due to the fat that other companies in this country can not be studied with the available short period.
The financial constraints inherent in traveling from one town to another part and from one firm to another made it inevitable to choose one organization as a case study form which inference for generalization can be made.
As at is expected of gives a systematic arrangement of work to be done.
Organization structure it every organization the administrative manager of the company was initially not willing to co-operation due to the researcher in ability to present a cover up letter from the polytechnic.
- DEFINITION OF SOME SPECIFIC TERMS.
Organization: the term organization can be defined as a group of individual working in a mutually dependent relationship towards achieving a stated goal or goals.
Structure: the structure is the anatomy upon which the organization is developed and operated. It is the frame work of responsibility authorities and communicating of individuals in each organization unit, from a singe job division. Their functions and inter- relationship.
The charts: An organization chart is a diacritic presentation of the frame work of structure of a business
Management: this refers to process of getting things done through the use of peoples skills and talents.
Communication: It is the act of sending message from one person to another which stimulates response.
Specialization; The degree to which organization and activities are divided into specialized roles.
Standardizations: the degree to which an organization lays down stated roles and procedures.
Centralizations: The degree to which the authority to make certain decision is allocated at the top of the management hierarchy.
Decentralization : the degree to which the authority to make certain decision is dispread among individuals at the middle and lower management level.
1.7 PLAN OF THE STUDY
This project work is basically divided into five (5) chapters:
CHAPTER ONE: Takes on the introduction of the subject matter. If consists of the super significance and definition of terms of the study.
CHAPTER TWO: This is the literature review this entails the works that had been done on this particular topic which was done by other researchers.
CHAPTER THREE: Will talk about the Methodist that the researcher adopted in getting necessary materials or information that will facilitate the success of the research work.
CHAPTER FOUR: Explain how the researcher was able to analysis and present the data he got for his work while the chapter:
CHAPTER FIVE: Brings everything to conclusion the researcher does his summary and give necessary recommendation where needed.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "organizational structure in formal and informal organization" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "organizational structure in formal and informal organization" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "organizational structure in formal and informal organization" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "organizational structure in formal and informal organization" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "organizational structure in formal and informal organization" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "organizational structure in formal and informal organization" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "organizational structure in formal and informal organization" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "organizational structure in formal and informal organization" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "organizational structure in formal and informal organization" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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