THE INFLUENCE OF HOME MOVIES ON IGBO CULTURE
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THE INFLUENCE OF HOME MOVIES ON IGBO CULTURE
BY
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        EE/H2013/01430
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DECEMBER,2018
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This  research study was primarily motivated by the research curiosity to examine the  extent to which Nigerian home movies has negatively influenced the Igbo culture  given the rate in which these movies has proliferated Nigerians markets.
The  data gathered and the finds in this study are to serve as reference material  for future researchers in the field of home movie production and mass  communication.
Responses  were gathered through research questionnaire from Igbo adults who are  conversant with Igbo culture. Also the research was conducted in Enugu  metropolis, where it is believed that you would be high rate of home movie  viewer ship.
Four  research questions as well as hypothesis were answered and tested. The entire  hypothesis except one received statistical support.
Also  the limitation and significance of this study were highlighted and  recommendation based on the findings was made.      
LISTS  OF TABLES
        Table  4.1.1         questionnaire administration  and collection
        Table  4.2.1         gender distribution of  respondents
        Table  2      age distribution of respondents.
        Table  3      ethnic group distribution of  respondents
        Table  4      distribution of respondents by  marital status
        Table  5      distribution of respondents by  profession
        Table  6      home movie viewer ship
        Table7       embodiment of negative characteristics
        Table8       ability to assess movies
        Table9       home movies as strong agents of attitude  formation
        Table  10    like hood of attitude formed and the  behaviour to be negative.
        Table  11    exposure to violent movies leading  to violent tendencies
        Table  12    Igbo people imbibing the negative  characteristics
        Table  13    negative influences on Igbo culture  by home movies
        Table  4.4:1         calculation of chi square  for hypothesis one
        Table  4.4:2         calculation of chi square  for hypothesis two
        Table  4.4:3         calculation of chi square  for hypothesis three
        Table  4.4:4         calculation of chi square  for hypothesis four.
        TABLE  OF CONTENTS
        CAHPTER  ONE
      INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
 - STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
 - OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
 - SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
 - RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 - RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
 - DEFINITION OF TERMS
 - ASSUMPTION
 - SCOPE/LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
 
REFERENCES
        CHAPTER TWO
        LITERATURE REVIEW
- SOURCES OF LITERATURE
 - HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF HOME MOVIES
 - MOVIES AND NEGATIVE INFLUENCES ON CULTURE
 - MOVIES AS AGENT OF ATTITUDE FORMATION AND BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE
 - SANTIZING THE MOVIES INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA
 - THE ORIENTATION FRAMEWORK
 - SUMMARY
 
CHAPTER THREE
        RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
 - RESEARCH METHOD
 - RESEARCH DESIGN
 - RESEARCH SAMPLE
 - MEASURING INSTRUMENT
 - METHOD OF QUESTIONAIRE ADMINISTRATION
 - DATA ANALYSIS
 - EXPECTED RESULTS
 
CHAPTER FOUR
        DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF  FINDINGS
- QUESTIONAIRE DISTRIBUTION AND COLLECTIONS
 - PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF RESPONSES
 - ANSWER TO RESEARCH QUESTION
 - EMPIRICAL TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
 
REFERENCE
        CHAPTER  FIVE 
        SUMMARY,  CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- SUMMARY/CONCLUSION
 - RECOMMENDATION
 
REFERENCE
        BIBLIOGRAPHY
        APPENDIX:  QUESTIONAIRE
        CHAPTER  ONE
        BACKGROUND  OF THE STUDY
        This study the Nigerian home  movies and influences on Igbo culture aims at identifying the influences of  Nigerian home movies especially those that have their theme, plot, and setting  in rich culture of Igbo. Even those that have Yoruba or Hausa theme, plot and  setting but like the imported films influences negatively the culture and  behaviour of Igbo people.
        There  is common belief in Nigeria especially amongst the Ibos that home movies  project negatively the culture of Nigeria. That is why frank Aig imoukeluede in  opubor (1995:47) confirms that: many Nigerians have complained of the poisonous  content of firms shown on the screens in Nigeria. A great number of people have  criticized our television featuring materials, which contradictor erode the  quality of life and undermines our values and mores. What is needed are films  for self protection, for presenting the facts of life in Nigeria. The study  will be able to confirm or approve this widely held view.
        The  historical of home movies has it that actual recording and presentation of  actualities started with the lumpier brothers experience on December 25 1895;  when they achieved this by recording break time in their factory. Dosumu  (1995:17) averse that when brothers Louis and august lumpier unveiled then cinematographer  in the basement of grand café in Paris on December 28, 1895 they no doubt felt  satisfied that they found new medium for recording and presentation of  actualities. Recording actualities is what a documentary does and that is what  the lumpier brothers achieved by recording. Break time in their factory. The  influences of the medium of film on mankind have been many and varied, carrying  their ideals and aspirations beyond cultures.
        The  development of film in Nigeria started with the colonial experience. The first  film show took place at the glover hall, Lagos on Monday August 12, 1903. this  film show lasted for 10 nights. Messrs Balboa of Barcelona Spain showed the  film under the management of a Nigerian, Herbert Macaulay. Nevertheless film  production started rather late. According to Balogun (1987:48) Obe was  considered the first to have a standard film production in Nigeria by making  mute films for the health department in the year 1936.
        In  1947 the Nigerian government established her own, federal film unit. The film  unit produced mainly newsreels and documentary firms in the fifties the film  industry in Nigeria was dominated totally by foreigners and foreign films.  During this era, film so we are done in cinema halls, village squares, school  and church premises. This public show of film, make it possible to show only  films that are of high technical quality. With the advent of video compact  disc (VCD) or the digital video (DVD), the old culture of going to the cinema  centers and public arenas for film show dropped. Children and adults now sit  indoors glued to their video. Then the era of home movies was born. Then the  era of home movies was born. Movies in English, pidgin English, Igbo Hausa and  Yoruba flooded the market on daily basis.
        The  proliferation of movie industries has brought about the production of movies  that have negative influences on Igbo culture. Huseimi (2002:31) lamented: we  need time to achieve this (sanity) because lot damage has been done already.  Here is an industry where a fellow is probably because he cried in a movie and  drew the sympathy of the viewing public or she appeared of nude in movie. One  would then be compelled to ask. Do these influences of home movies bring about  cultural and behavioural change? Opubor et al (1995:1) answered this by saying  that of all the media of communication, this motion picture has perhaps the  most universal appeal and impact, a film can rise above the limitations of  languages and cultural barriers by the power of its use of music and sound effects  and can succeed in conveying much the same message to audiences of  heterogeneous backgrounds.
        What  is then the ideal Igbo culture that home movies could influence? Mere Ada in  Ikenga journal (1995:95 answers that; traditionally the Igbo attach great  importance to good moral living. In marriage contracts in law vow not to  participate in anti social behaviour towards each other. Relations undertaking  business contract vow not to cheat each other. Hosts taste food presented to  their visitors in demonstration of the absence of poison. The contract  vindications of innocence in all aspects of social function results in the  placement of a high premium on good moral and civil behaviuor. In a society  where relationships are on a personal intimate basis, a society which provides  a system of checks and balances in behaviour the culture of such a society  generally builds into its fabrics a system of sanctions that limit obverts  deviant behaviour are status determinants in igbo society.
        The  above enumerated rich culture of Igbo has never been portrayed in any Nigerian  movies, even in Igbo films. Rather, they portrayed the cultural life of Igbo as  simple minded people whose main pre occupations are drinks and girls. Their  needs are simple and easily satisfied by cast off clothes scavenged from the  dustbin. When he is bullied or robbed, it is by his own type and as a group  easily resorts to violence in which crude weapons are used. That was why Aig  imoukhuede (1985:49) revealed that: thirty years ago, Nigerian nationalist Dr.  Nnamdi Azikiwe led a protest against sanders of the river for its negative  portrayal of the black man. Arulogun (1995:54) also laments that today  gangster films constitute above 80% of what we see on our cinema screens. In  late fifties Ekotodo a cinema house in Ibadan was infested with young men  dressed in jeans and hats with scarves tied around their necks like the cowboy  in American west films. Like the john Wayne type of the wild, west series on  television. How did these men come about their dresses and occasional pranks?  It was through the influences of films shown in theatres in Lagos and Ibadan.  Infact ekotodo soon became a den of robbers, street fighters and rascals. The  present wave of violence, robbery and murder committed daily in Igbo land is  likely to have been influenced by films shown in home movies. 
        In  this study, therefore, we are going to investigate these influences by asking  question and seeking answers from those that watch these films especially the  under listed five selected ones. The festival of fire, Battle of mosanga, Sins  of the father, conspiracy and Blood money.
- STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
 
Nigerian home movies assured a lot of importance in the area of entertainment and cultural transmission especially amongst the Igbo society. This explains the time audiences (both children and adults) spend watching movies in their homes or their frequently visit to video clubs.
The behavioural pattern of people is formed by different factors in their environment. Home movies have entered as novel part of the environment that has an over powering influences. Since many of these Nigerian movies embody the tradition and culture of the Igbo people, if they are not of high technical quality, they will influence their audience negatively. Those who do not have fair knowledge of the ideal Igbo culture are bound to imbibe the negative aspect unconsciously. Also non Igbos would believe such practices as the cultural habit or practices of Igbo.
Thus, the central problem of this research study is to ascertain how Nigerian home movies affect the igbo cultural practice and influence it negatively.
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
 - To ascertain the extent to which Nigerian home movies portray negatively the culture of Igbos.
 - to determine if what is watched by the audience is believed by them to be the ideal cultural practice of the Igbo.
 - To know if the contents of such movies are imbibed by both young and adult viewers.
 - to determine how to improve such situations
 - SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
 
Home movies as agent of cultural have both audio and visual effects. These effects bring about attitude and behaviuor change. This research study intends to investigate into the causality of this change and the influences home movies have on Igbo culture.
The study will be useful in identifying the extent to which home movies flooding the market despoil the true fabrics of the Igbo culture. It is therefore, anticipated that the study will be useful to all those that watch Nigerian home movies especially Igbos.
It  will also help to instruct producers to be conscious of the negative influences  on younger generation offer solutions to better ways of presentation of the  cultural contents of Nigerian movies.
        Finally,  the study would be useful to the government, movie industries, communication  experts, students, researchers as well as parent in many ways:
- RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 - Do the Nigerian home movies influence the igbo culture negatively?
 - Do the home movies bring about attitude formation and behavioral changes?
 - Do home movies cause negative change in attitude and behaviuor?
 - Do the negative portrayal of Igbo culture by  the home movies make igbo imbibe the negative practices as ideal igbo culture?
 - RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
 
H1     Nigerian home movies influences igbo  culture negatively.
        H0     Nigerian home movies do not influence igbo  culture negatively.
        H2     home movies cause attitude formation and  behavioural change.
        H0     home movies do not cause attitude formation  and behavioral change.
        H3     home movies cause negatively changes in  attitude and behavior.
        H0     home movies do not negative changes in  attitude and behavior.
        H4     the negative portrayal of Igbo culture by  Nigerian home movies makes Igbo imbibe the negative practices as ideal igbo  culture.
        Home  movies do not make Igbo imbibe the negative practices of the ideal igbo  culture.
- DEFINITION OF TERMS
 
movie
        conceptual:  motion pictures, cinema or films of thin skin or mainframe, coated with a very  sensitive substance for taking a photograph or a ribbon of celluloid or the  like prepared with such a coated foir takinf. Instantaneous photograph for  projection by cinema monograph.
        Operational:  The home movies festival of fire, battle of mosanga, conspiracy, sins of the  father and blood money.
        Negative:
        Conceptual:  Expressing the absence of any positive character that stops indices or makes  powerless.
  Operational: Absence of expression on positive character of Igbo’s by Nigerian home movies.
        Influences:
  Conceptual: Power to affect somebody’s character, belief or action through examples, fear  and administration.
  Operational: The  power of the five selected home movies has to influence character, belief or  action of igbo people negatively.
        Conceptual:  Improvement of mental facilities refined taste or judgment high intellectual  and aesthetic state of intellectual, artistic and social development of a  group, type and degree of civiliasation (arch) social group characterized by a  specified level of material achievements.
        Operational:  The way of life, belief, system, habits and practices of the igbo.
- ASSUMPTIONS
 - That the Nigeria viewing public both adult and youths watch local movies.
 - That the Igbo youths as well as adults could unconsciously imbibe what they see especially the negatively aspects as current and old practices of the igbo culture.
 - Those Nigerian home movies tend to influence the culture of Igbos negatively.
 - that the other non igbo viewers tend toil  perceive what they have watched as the ideal representation of the way of life  of the igbo.
 - SCOPE/LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
 - This study is limited to a particular population of igbo especially selected adult Igbo members of Enugu urban that are conversant with the culture and the contents of the five selected home movies.
 - Due to time and financial constraints, the researchers could not go the extra mile to in corporate all the population as well as all the movies that are locally produced in Nigeria.
 
REFERENCES
        Aig-imuokhued,  F. (1995):    A national film industry: 
        Assessment  of problems and suggested solutions in the development and growth of film  industry in Nigeria by Alfred E. Opubor et al, Lagos, third press  international.
        Dosumu,  Sanya (1995):       The role of the film  in cultural identity, in Opubor et al op cit.
        Balogun,  Francoise (1987): The cinema in Nigeria,  Enugu fourth dimension publishers.
        Husemi,  Shaibu (2002):       Keep your money new  movies go on break, the guardian newspaper, Friday 1, pg. 31.
        Opubor,  E. Alfred et al op cit.
        Mere,  A. Ada (1974)    social values heritage of  the Igbo, in ikenga journal of African studies, nsukka university of Nigeria  press, volume 11 no 1 p 95.
        Aig  immoukhuede Frank op cit pg. 49 
        Ibid  pg. 54
        The  penguin English dictionary (second edition) 1973.
        Oxford  advanced learners dictionary of current English, third edition pg. 437.
        Ibid  pg. 564.
        Ministry  of information Enugu.
        The  chambers dictionary of the twentieth century.
CHAPTER TWO: The chapter one of this work has been displayed above. The complete chapter two of "the influence of home movies on igbo culture" is also available. Order full work to download. Chapter two of "the influence of home movies on igbo culture" consists of the literature review. In this chapter all the related work on "the influence of home movies on igbo culture" was reviewed.
CHAPTER THREE: The complete chapter three of "the influence of home movies on igbo culture" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter three of "the influence of home movies on igbo culture" consists of the methodology. In this chapter all the method used in carrying out this work was discussed.
CHAPTER FOUR: The complete chapter four of "the influence of home movies on igbo culture" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter four of "the influence of home movies on igbo culture" consists of all the test conducted during the work and the result gotten after the whole work
CHAPTER FIVE: The complete chapter five of design and construction of a "the influence of home movies on igbo culture" is available. Order full work to download. Chapter five of "the influence of home movies on igbo culture" consist of conclusion, recommendation and references.
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